46 low-lying island States will be directly impacted by sea level rise and storm surges.220 Eroded livelihoods and shelters in the aftermath of disasters will propel migrants to move to informal settlements in hazardous areas.221 The former Special Rapporteur on adequate housing cautions that the poor, already living in danger zones, are most especially threatened by these impacts.222 In the Philippines, while the right to adequate housing is recognized under Article XIII Section 9 of the Constitution, climate change is driving internal displacement and homelessness. This is experienced by around 60 percent of the Philippine population living in the 832 coastal municipalities and 25 coastal cities throughout the country.223 In Marinduque, sea level rise and soil erosion have displaced coastal communities.224 With the ocean eating up the coast, residents in these communities felt unsafe, leading many to relocate.225 In the Verde Island Passage, islets that served as natural barriers have been slowly submerging, increasing the coast’s vulnerability to storm surges.226 Fisherfolk are the most adversely affected. Pablo Rosales, chairperson of Pagkakaisa ng mga Samahang Mangingisda or Pangisda Pilipinas, related that: When unusual calamities occur, we used to say, why is there signal number 4, when before signal number 3 seldom hit the Philippines. But now, if it hits, almost all houses near the shores are washed away, and even the implements of fishermen get damaged, because fishermen generally live near the shores and they have all their implements near them. Thus, when the typhoon gets stronger, waves go bigger, fishing boats get damaged, houses are also damaged, we also lose our livelihood. 220 IPCC, AR5 WGII, supra note 159. 221 United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Relationship Between Climate Change and Human Rights, A/HRC/10/61 (2009) [hereinafter Relationship Between Climate Change and Human Rights Report]; also see Report of the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, and on the Right to Non-Discrimination in this Context. 222 Id. 223 Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and Coastal Resources Management Project, Legal and Jurisdictional Guidebook for Coastal Resource Management in the Philippines (1997). 224 Rolando Jusue, Provincial Government Environment and Natural Resources Office - Marinduque, June 2018, Key Informant Interview - Verde Island Passage. 225 Id. 226 Reynald Pamatian, 7 June 2018, Community Dialogue, Verde Island Passage Fact-finding Mission, at 13.