42 people’s access–particularly the poor and vulnerable–to these rights.194 All these are currently being experienced by Filipinos. Smaller islands and coastal communities with limited freshwater resources are especially susceptible as sea level rise causes saltwater intrusion into the fresh water source. Jesiderio Delos Reyes, a community resource person, shared that in their town in Calatagan, saltwater seeped into deep wells, preventing access to drinking water, and burdening families with the added cost of buying potable water from commercial dealers.195 The rise in temperature and extreme heat has caused drinking water sources to dry up. Elicer Lauce testified that it is now difficult to acquire drinking water because the springs are drying-up.196 In Alabat Island, Quezon Province, residents would install pipes but have no water sources to connect the pipes to.197 In Marinduque, communities are left without a water source as the river has dried up.198 The Philippines’ National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) projects that climate change will impact domestic water prices.199 A rise in prices will impede access to potable water, especially in urban areas where the population is dependent on commercial water systems. Extreme weather events damage water and sanitation infrastructure. Victims of typhoons and flooding commonly lack access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities. Marielle Trixie J. Bacason, a survivor of Super Typhoon Haiyan (local: Yolanda) testified that while they could prepare before the typhoon by stockpiling canned goods, they did not have clean water. She narrated that after the typhoon, she had to walk several miles to a relative’s house, passing dead bodies on the way, just to access clean water.200 While evacuation centers were providing safe drinking water, they did not have sufficient toilets, garbage collection, or vector control management.201 Without the appropriate WASH infrastructure, 194 Climate Change and the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Position Paper. 195 NICC Community Dialogue/Fact-finding Mission in Verde Island Passage, Batangas, 6-8 June 2018 Documentation Report, at 10. 196 T.S.N. of the Third Inquiry Hearing dated 29-30 August 2018, at 94. 197 Alabat Community Dialogue, at 30. 199 National Economic Development Authority in PhilCCA WG2, supra note 171. 200 T.S.N. of the Fifth Inquiry Hearing dated 6-7 November 2018, at 98-99. 198 201 Rolando Jusue, Provincial Gov’t Environment and Natural Resources Office - Marinduque. June 2018, Key Informant Interview - Verde Island Passage, at 42. Ruth Alma Ramos, Vikki Carr de los Reyes, Ma Nemia Sucaldito, & Enrique Tayag, Rapid Health Assessments of Evacuation Centres in Areas Affected by Typhoon Haiyan. 6 (Supple 1) Western Pac Surveill Response J., 39-43, doi:10.5365/WPSAR.2015.6.2.HYN_003 (2015).

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