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commitments, through international human rights mechanisms
like the Universal Periodic Review and other treaty bodies;
8. Strengthen engagements with civil society, particularly in
educating communities about the causes and impacts of
climate change and how it relates to the realization of human
rights in order to mainstream climate awareness in the public
consciousness and drive responses ranging from individual
changes of lifestyles to concerted climate actions;
9. Recognize that some climate actions are inevitable to negatively
impact human rights; that the transition to a carbon-less
economy would necessarily put some sectors at risk of losing
their livelihoods or that evacuating those living in danger zones
would necessarily lose their homes; the challenge is to find a
balance towards the most just, humane and equitable climate
solution; and finally
10. Commit to achieving climate justice, particularly for those
acutely impacted but have least contributed to the climate crises.
6. To Courts
Many individuals and organizations have now resorted to initiating actions before
State-based judicial mechanisms to compel climate actions550 and influence the
development of laws and policies in both the domestic and international spheres.
Litigation has been used to compel governments to provide more ambitious emissions
targets,551 establish the right to a healthful ecology for future generations,552 or
delineate the role of States with regard to transboundary environmental harms.553
Similarly, the progressive interpretation of laws by courts enhances regulation and
addresses gaps in law where legislation may be vague or when current legislation
550
Michal Nachmany, Sam Fankhauser, Joana Setzer & Alina Averchenkova, Global Trends in Climate
Change Legislation and Litigation (2017) [hereinafter Global Trends 2017].
551
Netherlands Hague District Court [2015] HAZA C/09/00456689. Affirmed by Hague Court of
Appeals and Supreme Court of the Netherlands in 2018 and 2020, respectively [hereinafter
Urgenda v. Netherlands].
552
Philippine Supreme Court [1993] G.R. No. 101083 and Juliana v. United States, 217 F. Supp.3d
1224 (D. Or. 2016) (U.S.).
553
Inter-American Court of Human Rights [2017] OC-23/17.
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