94 While it downplayed some of the effects of atmospheric CO2, it still concluded that “it is rather obvious that we are unsure as to what our long lived pollutants are doing to our environment; however, there seems to be no doubt that the potential damage to our environment could be severe.”448 From then on, as the documents submitted to the Commission show, many of the Carbon Majors’ own scientists not only affirmed the findings of the US President’s Science Advisory Committee’s report throughout the succeeding years, but the Carbon Majors themselves also began to acquire much more detailed knowledge and extent of the climate risks associated with carbon dioxide from fossil fuels, including everything that we already know today. All these demonstrate that the Carbon Majors have known since 1965 that their products, when used as intended, result in various harms to the climate system. C. Willful Obfuscation of Climate Science and Obstruction of Global Initiatives toward Decarbonization The fossil fuel industry, including the Carbon Majors, engaged in measures to convince the public that the use of their products would not lead to significant harms. This was done through a combination of actions, the most notable of which are mentioned below. Through the API, the industry perpetrated massive climate denial campaigns. In 1996, the API published a book, entitled Reinventing Energy: Making the Right Choices, which attempted to show that “when facts–not commonly held misconceptions–are used, there is no persuasive basis for forcing Americans to dramatically change their lifestyles to use less oil.”449 In arguing for government inaction and discouraging the further development of alternative energy sources, contrary to the findings in all the studies it commissioned over the years, it deceptively stated that: Currently, no conclusive–or even strongly suggestive–scientific evidence exists that human activities are significantly affecting sea levels, rainfall, surface temperatures or the intensity and frequency of storms. After all, a conclusion that the global climate is changing as a result of human activity would require much more scientific 448 Id. at 25. 449 American Petroleum Institute, Reinventing Energy: Making the Right Choices, 2 (1965) from Exhibit AAAAAAA to AAAAAAA-1, Climate Files Post Index prepared by Climate Investigations Center with links to copies of the actual documents, available at http://www.climatefiles.com/trade-group/american-petroleum-institute/1996-reinventing-energy/ (last accessed Mar. 5, 2020).