ELECTRIC VE11ICLES 323 of performance with the prescribed Government standards. That is what I believe frankly to be Government's role. I might expand just a little bit on the last thought in my statement. I am tremendously impressed with the progress to date. I think it is a tribute to the focusing of attention by the Congress on these problems that is stimulating all this research on the part of the private sector of the economy. I would hope that the private sector of the economy would be motivated to pursue this even further. I think it is our obligation to come up with a satisfactory answer in this regard. Senator COTTON. To simplify it-I used a rather simple illustration the other day in the committee: If my grandson were in school, and wasn't bringing home satisfactory grades, I have the alternative of saying to him, "Now, if next semester you don't get an average of "B" in your grades, I am going to take you out of school and put you to work." Just fix a standard for him and tell him he must conform to it. Or I can hire private tutors to help him do his work and try to bolster him up in various ways. Of course, in saying to him, "You have got to comply with a certain standard," I have got to find out from his instructors and from general circumstances what his capacities are, and whether he is failing because of lack of application or whether he shouldn't be expected to get above a certain standard. I gather that, in your opinion, not just as a representative of the Petroleum Institute, but as a citizen, the primary function of Government-and what this committee should be striving for-is to engage in enough research and to avail itself of the results of the research that has been made by various people, to try to ascertain what is a standard that can be hoped to be reached and should be expected, and then in the light of that knowledge, to fix standards and let industry-whether it is the automotive industry, the oil industry, the coal industry, or the manufacturing industry-that is polluting the air; do the research by and large, and find means of complying with what is estimated by the Government to be a reasonable standard. I don't want to put words in your mouth, but is that in general a good approach? Mr. DUNLOP. I certainly would not quarrel with what you have said. I think that this is the function of Government in this instance, and other similar instances, to do the basic research work to determine the extent to which the job is being done, to evaluate the work being done. As Dr. Hibbard, from the Bureau of Mines, a few minutes ago indicated, they do evaluate very carefully, and they are in constant contact with those of us in the oil industry to determine what we are doing. Similar activities are also underway with other departments of the Government. Health, Education, and Welfare has been involved in a degree of dialog with us in this regard. I am hopeful that out of this work they will have the same conviction that we have, that real progress is being materialized, and that as a result of this, standards can be set. And then I think it is up to the automotive industry and us, in producing the fuel, to provide a situation that will be completely satisfactory from a clean air point of view. Senator CorroN. Just one more question in this particular field. The public wants to know about more attractive features than air pollution control. In other words, it was alleged-and I think it was