322 ELECTRIC VEHICLES I think, Mr. Chairman, either you or your predecessor in the chair referred to the work that was being done by Atlantic Richfield. We think that that holds high hope of making a distinct contribution in this regard. People in Detroit are taking a very careful look at that, in addition to the work that they have done themselves in that area. Senator COrrON. Have you any estimate as to what is expected to be accomplished, that is, to how low a percentage the pollutants can be brought? Mr. DUNLOP. At the moment we have reduced the pollutants-I say "we" -maybe I am taking too much credit for the oil indutrv-the automobile industry and the oil industry in cooperation. We have a constant dialog between ourselves. There is a reduction to date of some 66 percent, and I mentioned another 17 percent which is immediately in the offing, which brings it up to about 80 percent. And with some of the work which is currently underway, I would anticipate--and this is a prognostication, always fraught with danger-that is won't be too lonI -a matter of a few years-before we are up in the range of essentially taking care of 90 percent of the pollutants. This is the objective to which we are striving. I would reiterate a statement that I made in my prepared testimony, and that is, as you develop these accomplishments in the laboratory, there is a leadtime necessary for the automobile industry in order to effectuate these improvements in a mass production automobile. Senator CoTrroN. Of course, you are obviously and necessarily confining your observations to the pollutants from the automobile industry, and this committee is concerned with pollutants from many other sources, many of them of great magnitude. But let me ask you this general question. You have in your statement very well covered the activities of both the oil industrv and the automobile industry in the matter of research. The problem this committee is going to have when it is boiled down to the last analysis, and when the hearings are over and we meet in executive session, is this qiestion: What. can, and what should the Government do about this, and how far should it participate? Mr. DUNLOP. In my opinion, I believe the role of Government is, first of all, to make an intelligent analysis of the circumstances, based upon sound research, and based upon that sound research develop standards which Government believes wonld be in the best interests of the health of the American people. And when I say "health," I extend that further in the context of Secretary Udall's remarks, the total environment, if you will. I think that is Government's responsibility. That having been done, but having been done on sound research in a constant dialog with industry, and other technically competent groups to set the standards, then I think it is our job as industry to conform to those standards. That would apply not only in connection with the manufacturer of the automobiles-and I hasten to say that, I am not here to speak in their behalf, it is their area of resnonsibility-but it would be our responsibility in the composition of the fuels to see that those fuels perform adequately in the internal combustion engine. We have one further problem, and that would be to see that the cars are adequately maintained so that there is a continuously high standard