of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and articles 10 and 22 of the
Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Possible Impacts of Climate Change on the Right to Family
To date, the link between the right to family life and climate change has not attracted a great
deal of attention from legal researchers and policymakers. Issues relating to access to
resources and sustainable livelihoods are most often linked to the right to an adequate
standard of living under Article 11 of the ICESCR, which arguably also incorporates
elements of the right to family life. For example, Article 11 notes “the right of everyone to
an adequate standard of living for himself and his family”. The intersection between child
rights and climate change has also garnered increasing attention in studies and publications
by specialized UN agencies and others.183
Generally speaking, however, the impacts caused by climate change may add stress to a wide
range of pre-existing social issues. Those who are already vulnerable, such as women and
children, will face increased vulnerability; impacts on livelihoods will strain family resources;
and climate-induced displacement may result in the separation of families.
In relation to the challenges posed by climate change, and in line with CESCR’s Reporting
Guidelines, the following aspects of the right to family life are particularly pertinent:
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Access to Sustainable Livelihoods: The family, as a primary unit for the care and
education of children, requires support to carry out this role. Specifically, families
need access to necessities such as housing, clean water, food and sustainable
livelihoods. Climate change poses a severe threat to the wellbeing of families —
particularly to families already vulnerable due to geography, social or economic
marginalization, and other factors — insofar as it may restrict access to essential
resources that allow the family unit to function.
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Child Rights: Article 10 of the ICESCR stipulates that children “should be
protected from economic and social exploitation.” Children are particularly
vulnerable to the effects of climate change. For example, the impact of climate
change on family livelihoods, as well as climate-related migration or displacement
may put children at increased risk of exploitation.
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Rights of Forced Climate Migrants: Family rights entail the reunification of
families that have been separated by forced migrations. This is likely to become
increasingly relevant in the context of climate change, given the growing
phenomenon of forced climate migrants.
Overall, there are important connections between the right to family life and the impacts of
climate change, as well as States’ mitigation and adaptation policies. The key resides in the
development of integrated strategies that take this right into account.
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