Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, “Opening remarks at news conference”, online: UN News Centre
<http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocus/sgspeeches/search_full.asp?statID=176>.
6 UN Practitioners’ Portal on Human Rights Based Approaches to Programming, The Human Rights Based
Approach to Development Cooperation: Towards a Common Understanding Among UN Agencies, online: HRBA Portal
<http://hrbaportal.org/the-human-rights-based-approach-to-development-cooperation-towards-a-commonunderstanding-among-un-agencies>.
7 United Nations Development Group, Human rights-based approach to development programing (HRBA), online:
United Nations Development Group <http://www.undg.org/?P=221>.
8 See e.g. Jessica Campese et al, eds, Rights-based approaches: Exploring issues and opportunities for conservation
(Indonesia: CIFOR & IUCN, 2009); Sam Hickey & Diana Mitlin, eds, Rights-based approaches to development:
exploring the potential and pitfalls (Virginia: Kumarian Press, 2009); Jude Rand & Gabrielle Watson, Rights-based
approaches: learning project (Massachusetts: Oxfam America, 2007); Sofia Gruskin, Dina Bogecho & Laura
Ferguson, “‘Rights-based approaches’ to health policies and programs: Articulations, ambiguities, and
assessment” (2010) 31(2) Journal of Public Health Policy 129.
9 CESCR, General Comment No 3, UN Doc E/1991/23, (14 December 1990) at para 14 [General Comment No 3].
10 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner
for Human Rights on the relationship between climate change and human rights, UN Doc A/HRC/10/61, (15 January
2009) at paras 75-77, 84-86 [OHCHR Report on Climate Change and Human Rights].
11 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 9 May 1992, 1771 UNTS 107 (entered into force 21
March 1994); Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 10 December 1997, 37
ILM 22 (1998), UN Doc FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add 1 (entered into force 16 February 2005).
12 See e.g. Malé Declaration on the Human Dimension of Global Climate Change (adopted by SIDS on 14 November
2007), online: CIEL <http://www.ciel.org/Publications/Male_Declaration_Nov07.pdf> (calling for assistance
from the UNHRC and the OHCHR in assessing the human rights implications of climate change). See also
Organization of American States, Human Rights and Climate Change in the Americas, AG/RES 1896 (XXXIIO/02), online: OAS <http://www.oas.org/dsd/FIDA/documents/res1819.htm>.
13 UN Human Rights Council Resolution 7/23, 7th Sess, UN Doc A/HRC/7/78, (14 July 2008); UN Human Rights
Council, Resolution 7/23, Human Rights and Climate Change, 10th Sess, UN Doc UN Doc A/HRC/10/L11, (25
March 2009); UN Human Rights Council, Resolution 10/4, 41st Mtg, UN Doc UN Doc A/HRC/10/L.11, (25
March 2009).
14 OHCHR Report on Climate Change and Human Rights, supra note 10 at para 95.
15 Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Human Displacement: A
UNHCR perspective, (14 August 2009), online: UNHCR <www.unhcr.org/climate>.
16 Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, adopted by
the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, Decision 1/CP16, (4 December 2010), preamble [Cancun LCA
outcome].
17 Ibid at para 8.
18 Indeed, the COP has stated unequivocally that “Parties should, in all climate change-related actions, fully
respect human rights”; Cancun LCA outcome, supra note 16 at para 18.
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