CHR-NI-2016-0001 Supplementary Memorandum by Resource Person, Katherine Lofts Nature and Youth (Young friends of the Earth Norway) and Greenpeace Nordic filed a lawsuit against the Norwegian government for granting new oil and gas drilling licenses in the Arctic Barents Sea. The plaintiffs argue that this decision cannot be reconciled with Norway’s ratification of the Paris climate agreement, and that it violates the right to a safe and healthy environment for current and future generations under the Norwegian Constitution. The Oslo District Court ruled in favour of the Norwegian Government on 4 January, 2018; however, the environmental groups have appealed the decision. Their appeal will be heard by the Court of Appeal. (12) Future Generations v. Ministry of the Environment and Others Filing date: 2018 Reporter information: 11001 22 03 000 2018 00319 00 Status: Decided Jurisdiction: Colombia A group of 25 youth plaintiffs sued several bodies within the Colombian government, Colombian municipalities, and a number of corporations. The plaintiffs alleged that climate change, as well as the government's failure to reduce deforestation, threaten their fundamental rights, including the rights to a healthy environment, life, health, food, and water. The plaintiffs filed a special constitutional claim called a tutela used to enforce fundamental rights. The lower court ruled against the plaintiffs. However, on April 5, 2018, the Supreme Court reversed the lower court’s decision, recognizing that the fundamental rights of life, health, minimum subsistence, freedom, and human dignity are substantially linked to the environment and the ecosystem. The Supreme Court ordered the government to, inter alia, formulate and implement action plans to address deforestation in the Amazon, tackling climate change impacts, and develop Land Management Plans oriented towards climate change adaptation. (13) Armando Ferrão Carvalho and Others v. The European Parliament and the Council Filing Date: 2018 Reporter information: Case no. T-##/18 Status: Application Submitted Jurisdiction: European Union (General Court) Ten families from Portugal, Germany, France, Italy, Romania, Kenya, Fiji, and the Swedish Sami Youth Association Sáminuorra, have brought an action in the European Union General Court seeking to compel the EU to make more stringent greenhouse gas emissions reductions. They allege that the EU’s existing target is insufficient to avoid dangerous climate change and that it therefore threatens plaintiffs’ fundamental rights of life, health, occupation, and property. (14) Plan B Earth v. Secretary of State for Transport Filing date: 2018 6