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[40] Id. at 307-308.
[41] Chua Yek Hong v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. L-74811, September 30,
1988, 166 SCRA 183, 189.
[42] 77 Phil. 730 (1946).
[43] Id. at 733-734.
[44] An Act Prescribing the Compensation to be Received by Employees for Personal
Injuries. Death or Illness Contracted in the Performance of Their Duties (1927).
[45] Presidential Decree No. 442 (1974). A Decree Instituting a Labor Code, Thereby
Revising and Consolidating Labor and Social Laws to Afford Protection to Labor,
Promote Employment and Human Resources Development and Insure Industrial Peace
Based on Social Justice.
[46] Further Amending Certain Articles of Presidential Decree No. 442 entitled "Labor
Code of the Philippines."
[47] 2000 Amended Standard Terms and Conditions Governing the Employment of
Filipino Seafarers on Board Ocean-Going Vessels, DOLE Department Order No. 4
(2000); POEA Memorandum Circular No.9 (2000). This is the applicable amendment at
the time the contract of employment was executed in 2003.
[48] See Racelis v. United Philippine Lines, Inc., G.R. No. 198408, November 12, 2014,
740 SCRA 122, 130-131.
[49] See Bergesen D. Y. Philippines, Inc. v. Estenzo, G.R. No. 141269, December 9,
2005, 477 SCRA 150, 157.
[50] Racelis v. United Philippine Lines, Inc., supra at 130.
[51] See Talosig v. United Philippines Lines, Inc., G.R. No. 198388, July 28. 2014, 731
SCRA 180, 187-188.
[52] Reorganizing the Ministry of Labor and Employment, Creating the Philippine
Overseas Employment Administration, and for Other Purposes (1982).
[53] Reorganizing the Philippines Overseas Employment Administration and for Other
Purposes (1987).
[54] Section 20(A)(3), POEA-SEC.
[55] Republic Act (RA) No. 8042 (1995), as amended by RA No. 10022 (2010).
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