CEDAW/C/PHI/4 English Page 75 4. Civil Service Rule XVI, section 12 requires marriage as a precondition to maternity leave 5. Revised Penal Code Article 333 on adultery, and article 334 on concubinage, define the different grounds for infidelity within marriage. To be guilty of adultery, a wife needs only to engage in sexual intercourse with another man while the man can be charged with concubinage only if he keeps a mistress, has sexual intercourse under scandalous circumstances or cohabits with another woman. 6. Customary Law One of the biggest obstacles to the equalization of women's rights is the difficulty of breaking down the patriarchal traditional power structures in the family. These gender biases cut across economic and cultural systems, which are deeply rooted in society's psyche. Sometimes, even when statutory laws have been relaxed to a woman's favour, customary laws continue to render them academic. Thus, there is a need for continuing information and legal literacy campaigns. Article 16 (e) Family planning rights 318. While the Constitution affords spouses the same right to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children, the general perception is that in the majority of households, the husband's decision still prevails. The still dominant macho culture that defines maleness based on the number of children prevents women from fully exercising their right to decide if, when, and how many children to have. 319. In preparation for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, women's non-governmental organizations were very active and created a good deal of interest in the media on women's rights with respect to their reproductive role. Partly due to that Conference, as well as the Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women, the Department of Health has adopted the following policy imperatives: (1) Achieve the highest level of health throughout women's life cycle; (2) Create an environment that will promote the attainment of the highest level of health throughout women's life cycle; (3) Empower women to exercise their reproductive rights. 320. For the last three years, the Government has embarked on a vigorous family planning campaign. While there is a steady decline in the population growth rate, problems such as lack of information on the various family planning /...