G.R. No. 152318
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/april2009/152318.htm
claim, or that the OSG had solicited the DFAs views on the issue. The arguments raised by the OSG
are virtually the same as the arguments raised by GTZ without any indication of any special and
distinct perspective maintained by the Philippine government on the issue. The Comment filed by
the OSG does not inspire the same degree of confidence as a certification from the DFA would have
elicited.
Holy See made reference to Baer v. Tizon,
[55]
and that in the said case, the United States Embassy
asked the Secretary of Foreign Affairs to request the Solicitor General to make a suggestion to the
trial court, accomplished by way of a Manifestation and Memorandum, that the petitioner therein
enjoyed immunity as the Commander of the Subic Bay Naval Base. Such circumstance is actually
not narrated in the text of Baer itself and was likely supplied in Holy See because its author, Justice
Camilio Quiason, had appeared as the Solicitor in behalf of the OSG in Baer. Nonetheless, as
narrated in Holy See, it was the Secretary of Foreign Affairs which directed the OSG to intervene in
behalf of the United States government in the Baer case, and such fact is manifest enough of the
endorsement by the Foreign Office. We do not find a similar circumstance that bears here.
The Court is thus holds and so rules that GTZ consistently has been unable to establish with
satisfaction that it enjoys the immunity from suit generally enjoyed by its parent country, the Federal
Republic of Germany. Consequently, both the Labor Arbiter and the Court of Appeals acted within
proper bounds when they refused to acknowledge that GTZ is so immune by dismissing the
complaint against it. Our finding has additional ramifications on the failure of GTZ to properly
appeal the Labor Arbiters decision to the NLRC. As pointed out by the OSG, the direct recourse to
the Court of Appeals while bypassing the NLRC could have been sanctioned had the Labor Arbiters
decision been a patent nullity. Since the Labor Arbiter acted properly in deciding the complaint,
notwithstanding GTZs claim of immunity, we cannot see how the decision could have translated
into a patent nullity.
As a result, there was no basis for petitioners in foregoing the appeal to the NLRC by filing directly
with the Court of Appeals the petition for certiorari. It then follows that the Court of Appeals acted
correctly in dismissing the petition on that ground. As a further consequence, since petitioners failed
to perfect an appeal from the Labor Arbiters Decision, the same has long become final and
executory. All other questions related to this case, such as whether or not private respondents were
illegally dismissed, are no longer susceptible to review, respecting as we do the finality of the Labor
Arbiters Decision.
A final note. This decision should not be seen as deviation from the more common methodology
employed in ascertaining whether a party enjoys State immunity from suit, one which focuses on the
particular functions exercised by the party and determines whether these are proprietary or
sovereign in nature. The nature of the acts performed by the entity invoking immunity remains the
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