CEDAW/C/GC/36
that provides a direct pathway to tertiary education. Highly differentiated education
systems therefore maintain socioeconomic inequalities from quite early in the
lifecycle and well before students complete their education and enter the labour force.
59. In such a differentiated education system there are also marked differences in
the material resources allocated to schools to support de livery of the curricula.
Schools in communities of lower socioeconomic status are generally more poorly
endowed both in terms of material resources and teacher quality compared with those
of higher socioeconomic status, with students in the latter better p ositioned to benefit
from parental subsidies to offset insufficient public funding.
60. Between and within school types, students are also differentiated on the basis of
perceptions of appropriate subject options for each sex. In academic schools, girls ar e
often clustered in programmes in the humanities and underrepresented in science,
technology, engineering and mathematics, while, in vocational schools, women and
girls predominate in areas such as food and nutrition, cosmetology and clerical
studies. The stratification of students and knowledge ultimately leads to girls being
propelled into what are socially regarded as low-status occupations. Such
stratification has the potential for further reinforcement in single -sex schools, where
often the only subjects deemed suitable for the particular sex are offered. As a result,
a school for girls would not offer instruction in woodworking, or building and
construction. Facilitating the realization of the right of girls and women to the same
quality education as that offered to boys and men entails providing for the full range
of academic and vocational subjects in schools and not reinforcing segregation of the
curricula by sex.
61. A critical technical and vocational area in which girls and women are
underrepresented is in information and communications technology. Sixty per cent of
people in the world, most of them girls and women, are denied the right of access to
the transformative power of the Internet. To overcome the digital divide between men
and women in the use of new technologies and to provide women with equal access
to information and employment opportunities in those industries, schools need to
address the barriers that result in their exclusion.
62. Article 10 (g) of the Convention provides that State s parties are to ensure that
girls and women have the same opportunities as boys and men to actively participate
in sports and physical education. However, on the basis of prevailing stereotypes,
positive outcomes for the empowerment of women and gender eq uality in that sphere
are constrained by discrimination in all areas of sports and physical activity. Sex
segregation persists, and the participation of women in decision -making is limited at
both the national and international levels. In addition, the val ue placed on women’s
sports is often lower, resulting in the inadequate allocation of resources to support
their participation, as well as the lower remuneration of women athletes. Media
representations of women in sports also influence prevailing stereotypes. Violence
against women, exploitation and harassment in sports also reflect traditional male
domination in the sporting arena.
63. The Committee recommends that States parties take the following actions
to ensure that education systems allow for equal opportunities for both sexes and
for free choice of courses of study and of careers:
(a) Reform and standardize, as necessary, the education system to ensure
the equitable distribution of all educational resources in all schools regardless of
the location or population served;
(b) Eliminate ideological and structural barriers in co-educational
schools, in particular at the secondary level, including such barriers as school
timetables that are arranged so that only subjects segregated by sex are offered
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