Verification Standard Primary sources have first-hand information about a human rights incident as a result of their direct exposure and personal knowledge of the act while it was occurring. They typically include: ▪ eyewitnesses ▪ alleged perpetrators (e.g., through claims of responsibility by parties to a conflict) ▪ publicly available official information, such as post-mortem reports Secondary sources have second-hand information about a human rights incident, which was reported to them by others: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ family relatives lawyers HR defenders other (e.g., media and NGO reports)