6 In practice, the significance of this principle to the climate change debate is to affirm the view that climate change poses risks to all human rights as set out in the International Bill of Rights and the ILO Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. (c) Principle 13 states that “[t]he responsibility to respect human rights requires that business enterprises:  “avoid causing or contributing to adverse human rights impacts through their own activities, and address such impacts when they occur; and seek to prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts that are directly linked to their operations, products or services by their business relationships, even if they have not contributed to those impacts.” Could you please explain what this means in practice and the relevance of this principle in the context of climate change? This Principle relates to the precise nature of the cause of harm in terms of direct causation or indirect causation by contribution or association (linked). The Guiding Principles see that the business responsibility to respect human rights still applies in all of those different circumstances even if in different ways. Business enterprises must avoid causing adverse human rights harm through climate change or contributing to such adverse human rights harms. They must also seek to prevent or mitigate such adverse human rights harms when their activities are linked to the harms arising from climate change. (d) Principle 14 states: “The responsibility of business enterprises to respect human rights applies to all enterprises regardless of their size, sector, operational context, ownership and structure.” Could you please explain what this means in practice and the relevance of this principle in the context of climate change? Every business enterprise, regardless of size or sector is expected to respect human rights. This is important for the climate change discourse because each business is expected to carry out its human rights responsibilities autonomously even if the individual roles and contributions differ. (e) According to Principles 15 and 16, to meet their human rights responsibilities, businesses should implement policies and processes appropriate for their size and circumstances, so as to safeguard human rights in all aspects of their operation. Could you please explain what this means in practice and the relevance of this principle in the context of climate change? The policy commitment is essential to an effective respect for human rights. It is the font from which all policy guidelines concerning operational activities of the company emanate. It underscores, the

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