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jurisdiction that one’s employment, profession, trade or calling is a “property right,” and
the wrongful interference therewith is an actionable wrong.[16] The right is considered
to be property within the protection of a constitutional guaranty of due process of law.
[17]
Clearly then, when one is arbitrarily and unjustly deprived of his job or means of
livelihood, the action instituted to contest the legality of one’s dismissal from
employment constitutes, in essence, an action predicated “upon an injury to the rights
of the plaintiff,” as contemplated under Art. 1146 of the New Civil Code, which must be
brought within four (4) years.[18]
As in other causes of action, the prescriptive period for money claims is subject to
interruption, and in view of the absence of an equivalent Labor Code provision for
determining when said period may be interrupted, Article 1155 of the Civil Code is
applicable. It states that:
Article 1155. The prescription of actions is interrupted when they are filed
before the Court, when
there is written extra-judicial demand by the
creditors, and when there is any written acknowledgment of the debt by the
debtor.
Records reveal that after his disembarkation from the vessel “MV Kyushu Spirit” on 6
December 2000, private respondent filed on 28 May 2001 a complaint for illegal
dismissal before the Arbitration Branch of the NLRC. His complaint was dismissed by
the Labor Arbiter on the same date. In accordance with Section 16, Rule V of the NLRC
Rules of Procedure[19], private respondent can re-file a case in the Arbitration Branch of
origin. Since the filing of his first complaint on 28 May 2001 tolled the running of the
period of prescription, both the NLRC and the CA were correct in ruling that the filing of
respondent’s second complaint with money claims on 13 December 2004 was clearly
filed on time.
The determination of the amount of claims or benefits to which private respondent may
be entitled requires factual inquiry that devolves upon the Labor Arbiter. Considering
that the case was dismissed through a minute resolution, the case, as correctly ruled
by the NLRC and affirmed by the CA, should be referred back to the Arbitration Branch
of NLRC for the reception of evidence.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition for review is DENIED and the assailed Decision
dated 3 July 2008 of the Court of Appeals is AFFIRMED in toto.
Costs against petitioner.
SO ORDERED.
Carpio, (Chairperson), Villarama, Jr.,* Sereno, and Reyes, JJ., concur.
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