58 Carving Out a Space
of folk dances did not escape critical assessment. In effect, the company
“invented traditions” and in the process of forwarding a national identity,
presented the “ ‘folk’ by edit[ing] ritual into palatable entertainment forms
built for export” (Gonzalves 2010, 73). Reynaldo Alejandro, a scholar
on Philippine dance based in the United States describes the Bayanihan’s
choreographies as “stylistically staged revue dancing” which ultimately
renders a picture of the Filipino people as “eternally happy, carefree,
childishly irresponsible, ignoring all sense of the hundred of years of social
struggle” (Gonzalves 2010, 83). Even Reyes-Aquino, three decades after
she mounted her productions, expressed dismay at those who “stylized the
national repertoire behind her ability to recognize it” (Gonzalves 2010,
48).
The discussion on the vexatious issue of staged “folk dance”
illustrates the inevitable problematic involvement of dance with the
nation, predictably when the former is made to carry the weight of
representing the latter. The soldering of dance and the nation will always
be a temptuous relationship particularly when choreographies are declared
part of a nationalist agenda.
The critical assessments that surrounded the productions of the
Bayanihan resonate in critiques of choreographies informed by movements
derived from the ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines. The “folk,” the
“ethnic,” and the “tribal” are tightly guarded terms protected from those
who are not folk, ethnic, or tribal; they are shielded from choreographers
like Locsin. Hence, the reaction towards some of her choreographies,
particularly the Igorot.
But the Igorot featuring classical pointework of the ballet tradition
had a long history of gestation. The idea began when she was exposed by
her sister, Bing, to the Bayanihan dance troupe. Locsin had wanted to join
the group primarily because she idolized her sister who was her teacher in
folkdance, jazz, tap, and aerobics. In high school, Locsin danced the Igorot
choreographed by her sister for a folk dance competition and even when
she was already in college, her fascination for the dance became stronger
when she watched an Igorot piece win in a folk dance competition.
Remembering the choreography’s use of unison, she then decided to create
her own version for her dance group and entered the piece in another
competition (Locsin, e-mail to author, July 22, 2011).
If Locsin saw the choreographic possibilities (i.e., its precision
and technical demands) of an Igorot piece, her classmates and teacher in a
compositional studies class at the Ohio State University were stunned and
speechless upon watching her use its dance vocabulary. Realizing that it