04/02/2020 E-Library - Information At Your Fingertips: Printer Friendly Section 1 of the Implementing Rules gives the ICCs/IPs rights of ownership over "lands, waters and natural resources." The term "natural resources" is not one of those expressly mentioned in Section 7 (a) of the law. Our Constitution and jurisprudence clearly declare that the right to claim ownership over land does not necessarily include the right to claim ownership over the natural resources found on or under the land.[231] The IPRA itself makes a distinction between land and natural resources. Section 7 (a) speaks of the right of ownership only over the land within the ancestral domain. It is Sections 7 (b) and 57 of the law that speak of natural resources, and these provisions, as shall be discussed later, do not give the ICCs/IPs the right of ownership over these resources. The constitutionality of Section 1, Part II, Rule III of the Implementing Rules was not specifically and categorically challenged by petitioners. Petitioners actually assail the constitutionality of the Implementing Rules in general.[232] Nevertheless, to avoid any confusion in the implementation of the law, it is necessary to declare that the inclusion of "natural resources" in Section 1, Part II, Rule III of the Implementing Rules goes beyond the parameters of Section 7 (b) of the law and is contrary to Section 2, Article XII of the 1987 Constitution. (b) The Small-Scale Utilization of Natural Resources In Sec. 7 (b) of the IPRA Is Allowed Under Paragraph 3, Section 2 of Article XII of the Constitution. Ownership over natural resources remain with the State and the IPRA in Section 7 (b) merely grants the ICCs/IPs the right to manage them, viz: "Sec. 7 (b) Right to Develop Lands and Natural Resources.-- Subject to Section 56 hereof, right to develop, control and use lands and territories traditionally occupied, owned, or used; to manage and conserve natural resources within the territories and uphold the responsibilities for future generations; to benefit and share the profits from allocation and utilization of the natural resources found therein; the right to negotiate the terms and conditions for the exploration of natural resources in the areas for the purpose of ensuring ecological, environmental protection and the conservation measures, pursuant to national and customary laws; the right to an informed and intelligent participation in the formulation and implementation of any project, government or private, that will affect or impact upon the ancestral domains and to receive just and fair compensation for any damages which they may sustain as a result of the project; and the right to effective measures by the government to prevent any interference with, alienation and encroachment upon these rights;" The right to develop lands and natural resources under Section 7 (b) of the IPRA enumerates the following rights: a) the right to develop, control and use lands and territories traditionally occupied; elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocsfriendly/1/36882 49/148