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mechanisms to enforce and guarantee the realization of these rights,
taking into consideration their customs, traditions, values, beliefs,
interests and institutions, and to adopt and implement measures to
protect their rights to their ancestral domains.
[24] See Sections 13-20, R.A. 8371.
[25] See Sections 21-37, R.A. 8371.
[26] See Sections 4-12, R.A. 8371.
[27] See Sections 38-50, R.A. 8371.
[28] Dumlao v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 392, 400 (1980), citing People vs. Vera, 65 Phil.
56 (1937).
[29] Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority v. COMELEC, 262 SCRA 492, 513 (1996).
[30] Board of Optometry v. Colet, 260 SCRA 88, 104 (1996).
[31] Muskrat v. United States, 219 US 346, 362 (1913).
[32] WEBSTERS'S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY, 1976, p. 497.
[33] United States v. Freuhauf, 365 US 146 (1961).
[34] Association of Small Landowners v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA
343, 364 (1989); Joya v. PCGG, 225 SCRA 568 (1993).
[35] People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56, 89 (1937).
[36] Lozada v. COMELEC, 120 SCRA 337, 342 (1983).
[37] US v. Richardson, 418 US 166, 194 S Ct 2940, 41 L Ed 2d 678 (1974).
[38] Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110, 135 (1994), citing, among others,
Philconsa v. Gimenez, 15 SCRA 479 (1965); CLU V. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA
317 (1991); Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221 (1991); Osmena v. COMELEC, 199
SCRA 750 (1991); Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52 (1991); Carpio v. Executive
Secretary, 206 SCRA 290 (1992).
In Kilosbayan v. Morato (250 SCRA 130 [1995]) the Court discoursed on the rule on
standing as follows: taxpayers may sue on the claim of illegal disbursement of funds,
or to assail the constitutionality of a tax measure; voters may question the validity
of election laws; citizens may raise constitutional questions of transcendental
importance which must be settled early; and, legislators may question the validity of
official acts which infringe their prerogatives.
[39] Araneta v. Dinglasan, 84 Phil. 368, 373 (1949).
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