Memorandum for the Petitioners | 68 B. The human rights harms being suffered by the petitioners and the Filipinos 6.4. Climate change is already resulting in impacts, impairments, infringements, abuses, and/or violations of human rights across the Philippines. In the Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae dated 19 March 2018, leading experts gave evidence to support this clear conclusion: As the impacts of Typhoon Haiyan prove all too clearly, climate change is already resulting in adverse impacts to human lives and impairments of human rights across the Philippines. Through rising sea levels, changing hydrologic regimes and weather patterns, promotion of disease vectors, exacerbation of extreme weather events, and other climate impacts have caused and will continue to cause loss of life, injuries, property destruction, and human displacement, while also causing other gradual forms of environmental degradation that undermine and will continue to undermine access to clean water, food, education and other key resources. All of these climate impacts impair fundamental rights including the rights to life, health, clean water and sanitation, food, adequate housing, selfdetermination and development, and equality and nondiscrimination. These effects will fall disproportionately on populations who are disadvantaged due to poverty, gender, age, disability, cultural, or ethnic background, and children and future generations who will experience increasingly severe impacts over time.?87 C. Respondent Carbon knowledge of foreseeable risks and harms to people Majors’ climate 6.5. Filipinos are dealing with a human rights crisis that the fossil fuel industry could have prevented. Many of the respondent Carbon Majors have understood the significant risks posed to people by climate change and the role of fossil fuels in causing the problem for at least five decades.?®8 287 Center for International Environmental Law, ClientEarth , Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions & Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions, Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide, Dr. James E. Hansen, Our Children’s Trust, Maastricht Principles Drafting Group (Olivier De Schutter, Asbjorn Eide, Ashfaq Khalfan, Rolf Kiinnemann, Jernej Letnar Cemit, Marcos A. Orellana, Ian Seiderman, Bret Thiele), Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School, Dr. Kevin Trenberth, Cover Letter to Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae Briefs, 19 March 2018 (hereinafter, “Cover Letter to Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae Briefs’), also available at https://www.ciel.org/wp- content/uploads/20 18/03/Cover-Letter-to-Joint-Summary-with-signatures-and-logos-final.pdf (last accessed on 12 September 2019). 288 Muffett, C., supra note 141, p. 13; Exhibit “BBBBBBBBB” to “BBBBBBBBB-1,” Franta, B. (2018), supra note 149, p. 1024.