Memorandum for the Petitioners | 148 change are expected to increase with global warming at 1.5°C and increase further with 2°C;°% 19) Rapid, large-scale emissions reductions and natural carbon sequestration are urgently needed to meet the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals or more stringent science- based climate recovery targets; m) The faster emissions are cut significantly, the greater the n) Adaptation to climate change is essential and requires assessing vulnerability and possible impacts, building reduction in warming and related risks and costs;°®° resilience, and planning for the consequences. 0) The respondent Carbon Majors, together and individually, have extracted, marketed, and sold a substantial percentage of the fossil fuels burned globally, releasing an immense amount of carbon pollution into the Earth’s atmosphere, which is currently interfering with the climatic system;**’ p) There is a clear link between respondent Carbon Majors’ climate pollution and global impacts, such as surface temperature and sea-level rise, which in turn has resulted in -- and will continue to result in -- climate damage in the Philippines;5** and q) The CO: and methane emissions linked to 50 investorowned Carbon Majors, including emissions from all the of respondents named in the Petition, contributed to roughly 16% of the global average temperature increase from 1880 to 2010, and around 11% of the global sea-level rise during the same time frame; and from 1980 to 2010, a time period when fossil fuel companies were acutely aware that their products were causing global warming, these same companies contributed approximately 10% of the global average temperature increase and about 4% sea level rise.68° 683 Id. Sec. B.5. p. 9. 684 Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae, supra note 50, p. 9. 685 Greenpeace Southeast Asia (2018), Holding Your Government Accountable for Climate Change: A People’s Guide, p. 33, available at https://storage.googleapis.com/planet4-internationalstateless/2018/12/4fdd4d8a-peoples_guide_fnl_2-pdf (last accessed 12 September 2019). 686 Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae, supra note 50, p. 10. 687 Exhibit “VVVV” to “VVVV-14,” supra note 283. 688 Exhibit “RRRRRRRR” to “RRRRRRRR-12,” supra note 284. 689 Exhibit “H,” supra note 556.