Memorandum for the Petitioners | 35 Impacts and risks of 1.5°C vs. 2°C [7s Lefer stirs Ret | Greenland and Antarctic instabililies, thal could lead to irreversible melting and multimeter sea-level rise, could be triggered al around eral 82.2 ee ee 15°C- 23°C. nae = aie Risk of having a sea ice free Arctic summer could be limited intoonce — spy per century, compared to once per decade in 1.5°C ws 2°C. Bat Stee! | Up to 10 million less people exposed to sea-level rise risks at1.5C vs Spm an =") Ocean ecosystems are already experiencing large-scale changes, with critical thresholds expected to be reached al 1.500 and above. TS13 Warm water corals would lose a furlner 70-90% of cover al 1.5°C global warming, and 99% al 2°C. sppy B42 With 1.5°C the decrease in global annual catch for marine fisheries is halved compared to 2°C SPM Ba4 Important benefits for terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems SPM ett) 2c =) os) B24 and for the preservation of their services to humans in 1.5°C vs 2°C. saeaseg ent a.9 SSR B21 The number of species projected to lose over half of their range reduced s by 50% for plants, vertebrates and 66% for insects at 1.5°C vs spr But 2°C. The terrestrial area affected by ecosystem transformation is Ts. approximately halved al 1.5°C vs. 2°C_ 12 Around 420 million tewer people being frequently exposed to extreme Water ss) as) ee Lanes pares ma heatwavesat 1.5°C vs 2°C. oe The propartion of the world population exposed to a climate-induced increase in water scarcity could be reduced by up to 50 9% SPM Ba4 Four times more peaple exposed fo mulli-sector climate risks and vulnerable lo poverly al 2°C vs 15°C (86-1229 million vs 24-357 MilGCT}. Table 54 : Ten times more people expased to lower crop yields at 2°C vs 1.5°C. Substantial increases in weather extremes between 1.5°C and 2°C. Stabilising at 1.5 °C rather than 2°C would save approximately 1.5-2.5 million km2 of permafrost. Table nee ae Bi spy Bua Figure 3: Greenpeace International’s The Moment of Truth (Key takeaways from the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C Warming) !!° "° Greenpeace International (08 October 2018), The Moment of Truth (Key takeaways from the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C Warming), p. 2, available at https://secured- static. greenpeace.org/taiwan/Global/taiwan/planet3/documents/for_download/CE/2018IPCC_key_takeaways.pdf (last accessed on 12 September 2019).