IV. >> Illustrating the Framework - Indicators for Some Rights >> Putting indicators into context and building country ownership identify the attributes of violence against women. The predominant phases, events and situations in the life of a woman during which she is more likely to experience violations of her physical or mental integrity are considered so as to identify the following attributes: “sexual and reproductive health and harmful traditional practices”, “domestic violence”, “violence at work, forced labour and trafficking”, “community violence and abuse by law enforcement officials” and “violence in (post-)conflict and emergency situations”. Once the attributes have been identified, the relevant normative standards from the human rights instruments can also be invoked and applied to help select and formulate the required indicators.13 D. P utting indicators into context and building country ownership Statistics and indicators have to meet national or local needs if they are to be accepted and used as effective tools in human rights assessment and monitoring. Moreover, good statistics are difficult to get and they cannot be simply imported and thrust in an alien context. Their use in any assessment process is optimized when they are meaningful for the context to which they are applied and when countries have ownership of their application. These considerations require local capacity for the adaptation and articulation of indicators, the collection of the required information and interpreting that information. While capacitybuilding for the use of indicators in human rights assessments is taken up in chapter V, this section outlines briefly some of the steps that need to be considered to put indicators into context and build country ownership. There are three steps to putting indicators into a national context (see fig. X), corresponding to each of the three categories of indicators. However, the need for contextualizing structural and outcome indicators is limited given their nature. For the structural indicators, the focus has to be on identifying the gaps in the domestic human rights framework in comparison to international standards. In doing so, observations made by human rights monitoring mechanisms, such as the treaty bodies, the special procedures mandate holders and the universal periodic review of the Human Rights Council, should be used.14 In putting the table of indicators into national context, the recommendations from these human rights mechanisms constitute an authoritative reference and direct source of information for identifying the human rights challenges, the populations concerned as well as possible indicators. Most of the recommendations contain underlying references to, but also often explicit mentions of, information that relates to structural, process and outcome 13. The table of illustrative indicators on violence against women was developed using the work on statistical indicators carried out by UNECE (http://live.unece.org/stats/gender/vaw/about.html (accessed 30 May 2012)), the former United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (www.unwomen.org/focus-areas/?show=Violence against Women (accessed 30 May 2012)), the United Nations Statistics Division (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/meetings/vaw/default.htm (accessed 30 May 2012)) and the United Nations Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Yakin Ertürk (A/HRC/7/6). 14. The Universal Human Rights Index (www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/) is a database that has been developed by OHCHR to provide an easy access to all the recommendations from the United Nations human rights mechanisms. Following the inclusion of the recommendations from the treaty bodies and special procedures mandate holders, those from the universal periodic review are also being added. Human Rights Indicators 85