actually exceeded the mandated periods for the resolution of cases submitted for decision or resolution before said court or tribunal. Finally, this study is being conducted amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher was constrained to rely mainly from online sources of data, which was incomplete and not updated, especially data on illegal recruitment, as much of the more recent information and case details were either still unpublished or unobtainable in the limited time available. III. PROFILE OF OFW CASES DECIDED BY THE PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT FROM 2015-2019 3.1 Number of OFW cases resolved by the Supreme Court. (2015-2019) The OFW cases selected for this study are only those cases where the principal legal issues involved relate to overseas employment. For the 5-year period 2015 to 2019, the Supreme Court decided on a total of 223 OFW cases, or an average of 44.6 OFW cases per year. OFW cases account for a mere 0.72% of the total number of the cases that were decided by the Supreme Court in 201812 and 0.76% in 2019.13 Table 1 shows that from the lowest number of cases resolved in 2016 (36 cases), this peaked in the following year 2017 (53 cases) but has since declined in 2018 (47 cases) and 2019 (44 cases). Table 1: Number of OFW cases resolved by the Supreme Court (2015-2019) Year No. of OFW cases 3.2 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 43 cases 36 cases 53 cases 47 cases 44 cases Case classification based on general category of OFWs parties to the case (land-based or sea-based) (2015-2019) OFW cases that reach the Supreme Court were predominantly cases involving seabased workers. Table 2 shows the number of OFW cases that were decided by the Supreme Court classified according to the two (2) general categories of OFWs – landbased and seabased OFWs. For the five-year period 2015-2019, on the average, cases involving seabased workers accounted for 85.39% of the total number of OFW cases resolved by the Supreme Court per year. On the average, cases involving landbased workers accounted for only 14.61% of the total number of OFW cases that reached the Supreme Court per year. 12 13 Supreme Court of the Republic of the Philippines, “The Judiciary Annual Report 2018” http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/files/annual-reports/SC_Annual_18.pdf Supreme Court of the Republic of the Philippines, “The Judiciary Annual Report 2019” https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/files/annual-reports/JAR-2019.pdf 8

Select target paragraph3