standards, which address the needs of those affected and eliminates the root causes of such practices,” she stressed. “Their approaches must be multifaceted and include legislative and policy measures that are effective, properly enforced and provide for protection, prevention and redress for rights violations,” the Special Rapporteur urges in her report. There were no cases involving prosecution of the foregoing prohibited acts enumerated in Section 6 of R. A. 8042, as amended in the OFW cases decided by the Supreme Court in 2015-2019. In order to address the problem of debt bondage among OFWs, the following are the recommended courses of action: 1. Continuing public education on related laws and policies to prevent illegal practices by recruitment agencies which lead to debt bondage. 2. Firm and consistent enforcement of recruitment laws in the Philippines that protect DWs. 3. Access to no-collateral, OWWA guaranteed credit with low or zero interest, from government financial institutions (i. e. Land Bank of the Philippines, or Development Bank of the Philippines). 4. Urging recruitment agencies to adopt a code of conduct promoting fair recruitment wherein recruitment agencies do not charge fees to workers and commit to strive for the protection of workers in the recruitment process and throughout the supply chain.60 5. Inclusion in the disclosure statement the prohibited acts numbers (1), (2) and (3) in Section 6 of R. A. 8042, as amended, constituting, or leading to debt bondage, required to be given by the lending agency to the OFW debtor before the execution of the debt instrument for the purpose of raising the workers’ awareness on their rights. 6. Inclusion of prohibited acts constituting debt bondage, the legal remedies available to the OFWs, and options for low or interest-free loans, in the pre-employment, predeparture and post-arrival seminars being given to OFWs. Moreover, identification of other avenues for pro-active education and intervention by the CHR and NGOs be made in order to ensure that correct and helpful information can be given to prospective OFWs. 7. Studying of ways and means to stop debt bondage on OFWs by the POEA, the law enforcement agencies in cooperation with civil society. In particular, special attention should be given on how to prosecute violations of the prohibited acts under Section 6 of R. A. 8042, as amended, constituting, or causing debt bondage among OFWs. A monitoring system should be established in order to ensure compliance by lending agencies on the applicable provisions of R. A. 8042. 60 Migrant Forum in Asia, Open Working Group on Labour Migration & Recruitment, Policy Brief #5, “Ethical Recruitment” http://mfasia.org/migrantforumasia/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/5-PolicyBrief-Support-for-Ethical-Recruitment.pdf 32