operations, products and partners.2 Third, they must have processes in place to enable remediation for any adverse human rights impacts they may have caused. Where businesses identify that they have caused or contributed to adverse impacts, they should cooperate in remediation through legitimate processes. Access to Remedy. When a right is violated, victims must have access to an effective remedy. It is the duty of the State to ensure that domestic judicial mechanisms are able to address business-related human rights abuses effectively and do not erect barriers (such as, administrative fees or lack of language interpreters) that prevent victims from presenting their cases. A comprehensive State-based remedy system should also provide non-judicial grievance mechanisms to adjudicate business-related human rights complaints. Business enterprises should also provide for, or participate in, effective mechanisms to address grievances from individuals and communities who may be impacted adversely by the company’s operations. The UNGP BHR set out a list of effectiveness criteria for State- or businessbased non-judicial grievance mechanisms. These criteria stipulate that effective grievance mechanisms should be legitimate, accessible, predictable, equitable, transparent, and rights-compatible. Simply put, they must provide genuine remedies for the victims of human rights violations by companies and must not amount to communications or political exercises. The UNGP BHR provide a framework to protect the rights of peasants, indigenous peoples and other rural poor communities against the onslaught of agricultural land investments occurring in much of Asia today. It is in this context that ANGOC is advocating that land rights be considered as human rights. Land, Agriculture, and Conflict Over the past decade or so, there has been an unprecedented largescale acquisition of lands across the world, led by developed countries and transnational corporations. In 2016, Land Matrix documented 1,004 transnational land acquisitions covering 26.7 million hectares, of which 4.9 million hectares are in Asia. 2 Human rights due diligence refers to the process of identifying and addressing the human rights impacts of a business enterprise across its operations and products, and throughout its supplier and business partner networks. Human rights due diligence should include assessments of internal procedures and systems, as well as external engagement with groups potentially affected by its operations. ANGOC and KPA 15