briefings on the UNGP BHR and joint planning on how these guidelines can be further advanced through policy and action. In some cases, the CSOs also succeeded in engaging the national human rights commission (NHRC) - the human rights instrumentality of the executive branch of government. Engagement with the NHRC is important, as it is the executive branch that implements law and policy. In order to formalize and consolidate the advocacy partnership with NHRIs, the policy briefs were then presented at the “Regional Workshop on Engaging National Human Rights Institutions Towards the Promotion of Land Rights as Human Rights” held last 15-16 November 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand. This paper summarizes the key findings and perspectives of the six country papers. While much effort was exerted to obtain comprehensive information on the subject matter, the country papers reflect essentially a civil society perspective, specifically the perspectives of the CSO partners that conducted the studies. Finally, to some extent, the research process was constrained by limited financial resources, and occasionally, the inadequacy of government data on land conflict. Overview of UNGP BHR In some instances, the impacts of business enterprises may be positive, such as increasing access to employment or improving public services. Or they can be negative, such as polluting the environment, underpaying workers, or forcibly evicting communities. In 2008, the United Nations endorsed the ‘Protect, Respect, and Remedy Framework’ for business and human rights,1 which recognizes unequivocally that States have the duty under international human rights law to protect everyone within their territory and jurisdiction over human rights abuses committed by business enterprises. This duty means that States must have effective laws and regulations to prevent and address business-related human rights abuses and ensure access to effective remedy for those whose rights have been abused. The UN Framework also addresses the responsibility of businesses to respect human rights wherever they operate and whatever their size or industry. 1 This framework was developed by then-Special Representative of the UN Secretary General, Professor John Ruggie, following three years of research and worldwide consultations with businesses, civil society, governments and victims of corporate human rights abuses. ANGOC and KPA 13