49 Conflicts over collective/ common property Conflicts over State property n n n n n n Eviction by the State without compensation Sales of other’s property Leasing/renting disputes Agrarian reform issues Intra-family conflicts, especially in the case of polygamy Indigenous people’s land is falsely recorded as Vested Property n n n Competing, illegal, or improper uses of collective land Unauthorized sales of collectively owned property Disputes over the distribution of revenue from collective land Competing, illegal, or improper uses of State property Land grabbing by politicians, public officials and other influential persons n Illegal sales/lease of State land like forests, mines, and concession land to be used by the Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (WASA), city corporations n Improper land privatization (e.g. unfair land distribution or titling) n n Recent developments/Emerging issues Recent and emerging factors contributing to land and resources conflicts in the country include commercialization of agricultural land and value chain development; migration due to climate change; industrialization and unplanned development projects; unplanned housing projects around cities; unplanned urbanization due to demographic and economic growth as well as new/expansion of cities in the name of increasing civic services; and, multinational investments. The table below shows the victims and perpetrators of land conflicts. Table 2: Land conflict victims and perpetrators Land conflict victims n n n n n n n n Landless poor people Agricultural labors Construction workers Tea garden workers Small peasants Migrants Slum dwellers Marginalized people n n n n n n n Women and girls Children Old-aged people Indigenous people in both hill and plain lands Persons with disabilities Occupational minorities Transgender people Perpetrators n n n n n n n Political leaders Influential persons/groups Local administration and government officials, bureaucrats Military and para-military forces Police Land grabbers Agriculture investors The recent influx of more than 700,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar has led to the degradation of the environment and undermining of the land and resource rights of the hill tribes in CHT, and has had a critical impact on forest land in Cox’s Bazar, as thousands of hectares were cleared to make way for makeshift camps and firewood. Bangladesh Land Conflict Monitoring Report Conflicts over private property