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Even before the election, Prime Minister Hun Sen acknowledged land-related
problems. He decided to stop granting new ELCs in 2012 and limited the
duration of future leases to 50 years. He insisted that local people deserve
protection and promised to redistribute one million hectares of land to poor
and dispossessed families.
Serious efforts were made to resolve ongoing land conflicts by MLMUPC
through different mechanisms. National and provincial committees have
been established to consider these matters. However, the conflicting parties’
interests tend to be hard to reconcile, especially as the rights of ELC companies
are defined in their contracts.
ADHOC says that the situation has generally been improving and no new
conflicts have emerged since the government stopped granting ELCs. The
unresolved conflicts are tough, however, and in the long run, it is expected
that new conflicts will arise.
Government officers argue that the land law is good and will work out well in
the long run. They admit that not everything is in place yet, but insist that the
problems are being dealt with.
To some extent the government is blaming problems on opposition forces.
It has stated that “political parties have manipulated the current land issue
shamelessly for their own political gain”. In the eyes of human-rights defenders,
however, the successful resolution of land issues depends on “the political will
of the government” (Sun, 2017).
Distribution and size of land conflicts
Legal activists point out that powerful elites, including high-ranking government
officials, are involved in most land conflicts. On the other hand, some 400,000
to 1 million people have been personally affected by land disputes, according
to estimates. ADHOC reckons that 60,000 people have been forcibly evicted
from their homes.
The data for this study was collected from official social media (Radio Free
Asia) and official reports from MLMUPC between 2016 and 2018. The Radio
Free Asia (RFA) report covers the period January 2016 until 20 November
2018, and the MLMUPC report is from January 2016 to June 2018.
Cambodia Land Conflict Monitoring Report
by nine percentage points to slightly below 49 percent in the general election
of 2013. It still has the majority of legislative seats.
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