15 Few of the documented cases come from judicial court files; in many countries, restrictions are imposed against commenting on sub judice cases (or cases under litigation). Moreover, access to court documents is often restricted or inaccessible, and court systems often do not maintain centralized databases with categories for land cases unless these are handled by special courts. In Nepal, however, the Supreme Court Annual Report provides summary data on the types of cases pending in courts. For the Indonesian and Philippine studies, efforts were made to verify and validate information from multiple sources. Focus group discussions and consultation workshops were conducted in each country. In the Philippine study, 51 collected cases were excluded from the final analysis due to missing or inaccurate information (on stakeholders, location, inclusive dates, and nature of the conflict). Scope of the studies Table 2 on page 16 shows the coverage of the data on land conflict cases per country. All the studies are national in scope. The specific period under study varies for each country, although all documented land conflict cases occurred between 2012-2018, with many conflicts still ongoing. Limitations The studies here are not all-inclusive, as many land conflict cases go unreported. Governments do not readily disclose reliable information about land conflicts. Thus, any research on land conflict needs to gather information from other sources, including media and CSOs, in order to get an idea on the real size of the problem. However, media often focuses on events that are deemed newsworthy, such as violence and crime, rather than on long-standing land conflicts. CSO offices and networks in each country also have limited reach, with the more remote and inaccessible areas least likely to be reported on. Regional Summary: A Perspective Overview of Land Conflicts in Six Asian Countries Primary sources consist mainly of narratives and written accounts provided by affected communities to CSOs, specifically in the cases of KPA-Indonesia and CSRC-Nepal – which have extensive networks and regional offices within their countries. Secondary sources consist of written accounts, case reports and research studies of CSOs, reports from national government agencies, and CSO monitoring of mass media reports (online and press).