Accomplishments of CARP in public lands. Table 11 shows the overall accomplishment of CARP in public lands. Table 11. Overall DENR-CARP status of land distribution, July 1987 to December 2015. Activity Revised Target Scope, 2006 (ha) Public A&D lands 2,502,000 ISF/CBFM areas 1,269,411 TOTAL 3,771,411 Accomplishment July 1987 to Dec 2015 (ha) 2,538,219 1,335,999** 3,874,218 Accomplishment as % of Target Scope No. of BeneficiaryHHs 101.4 2,415,079* 105.2 338,381 102.7 2,753,460 Source: DENR, 2015 * This figure refers to the number of free patents issued, which is also used here to account for the number of beneficiary-households under the distribution of public A&D lands under CARP. **ISF/CBFM targets were completed in CY 2000. Issuance of land patents. From July 1987 to December 2015, a total of 2,415,079 land patents covering 2,538,222 hectares of public agricultural A&D lands were issued by DENR, with an average of 1.05 hectares granted to each beneficiaryfamily. This represents a 101 percent accomplishment of the scope of 2.5 million hectares. The high accomplishment rates reflect the given nature of the program. The distribution of A&D lands is based on vested rights (i.e., 30 years of continuous residency and cultivation in the case of free patents), there is no landlord resistance or agrarian disputes as in private lands, and land is generally awarded for free (no land valuation). Under CARP, beneficiaries were also exempted from the payment of fees in the issuance of titles and patents. On the other hand, the bottlenecks cited in implementation are mainly administrative – i.e., delays in undertaking land surveys, slow reconstitution of land records, and sluggish resolution of land conflicts among competing claimants. Issuance of ISF/CBFM arrangements. Under ISF/CBFM agreements, families and communities in forestlands are granted usufruct rights to a maximum of seven (7) hectares per family for 25 years, renewable for another 25 years, in exchange for forest protection and sustainable use. From 1983-1998, the beneficiaries of ISF were granted individual Certificates of Stewardship Contract (CSCs) per family. But with the program shift towards CBFM in 1998, groups and communities were awarded CBFM Agreements which granted them collective tenure rights. This group tenure approach greatly facilitated the expansion of the program. 68 Status of Land and Resource Tenure Reform in the Philippines 2018