to overlap with ancestral domains; (2) the felt impacts of climate change, as the majority of IP domains are in high-risk areas; and, (3) the removal of the quasijudicial powers of the NCIP for resolving IP vs non-IP conflicts, based on a recent case ruling by the Supreme Court. The Fisheries Code and tenure rights of municipal fishers There has been very poor implementation of the Fisheries Code, particularly those provisions that give priority access to small fisherfolk over municipal waters and foreshores. Even 20 years after the passage of the Code, only 67 (or 7.2 percent) of the 928 coastal municipalities and cities throughout the Philippines have fully completed the delineation of their municipal waters.1 Delineation is merely the first step in order to demarcate the areas where municipal fishers have preferential rights, to designate fishery management areas, and to be able to prosecute violations such as intrusion and illegal fishing by commercial fishing vessels in municipal waters. While the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) – an agency under the DENR – has completed the technical details for all municipal waters, local governments have refused to enact the required local ordinance that established the boundaries of municipal waters, due to territorial disputes with neighboring municipalities. Also, commercial fisheries are often controlled by politicians linked with local government units (LGUs), and they oppose delineation. It remains unclear how territorial disputes between LGUs are to be resolved. The tenure instrument for municipal fishers is a municipal registry which is reviewed annually. Accreditation is done by the local development council, where recognition is often politically-motivated. Women tend not to be registered, as fishing is often seen as men’s work, despite the crucial roles that women play in fishery activities. Fisherfolk organizations are supposed to be given priority in the issuance of Fishpond Lease Agreements (FLAs), Aquasilviculture Stewardship Contracts (ASCs), and even CBFM agreements over mangroves, yet these have not Of the country’s total 928 coastal municipalities, 305 LGUs have delineated their municipal waters with certified maps. And of these 305 LGUs, only 67 have passed the required local ordinances to complete the delineation process. 1 30 Status of Land and Resource Tenure Reform in the Philippines 2018