SECTION 18. Tribal Barangays. — The ICCs/IPs living in contiguous areas or communities where they
form the predominant population but which are located in municipalities, provinces or cities where they do
not constitute the majority of the population, may form or constitute a separate barangay in accordance with
the Local Government Code on the creation of tribal barangays.
SECTION 19. �� Role of Peoples Organizations. — The State shall recognize and respect the role of
independent ICCs/IPs organizations to enable the ICCs/IPs to pursue and protect their legitimate and
collective interests and aspirations through peaceful and lawful means.
SECTION 20. Means for Development/Empowerment of ICCs/IPs. — The Government shall establish
the means for the full development/empowerment of the ICCs/IPs own institutions and initiatives and, where
necessary, provide the resources needed therefor.
CHAPTER VSocial Justice and Human Rights
SECTION 21. Equal Protection and Nondiscrimination of ICCs/IPs. — Consistent with the equal
protection clause of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, the Charter of the United Nations, the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights including the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against
Women and International Human Rights Law, the State shall, with due recognition of their distinct
characteristics and identity, accord to the members of the ICCs/IPs the rights, protections and privileges
enjoyed by the rest of the citizenry. It shall extend to them the same employment rights, opportunities, basic
services, educational and other rights and privileges available to every member of the society. Accordingly,
the State shall likewise ensure that the employment of any form of force or coercion against ICCs/IPs shall
be dealt with by law.
The State shall ensure that the fundamental human rights and freedoms as enshrined in the Constitution
and relevant international instruments are guaranteed also to indigenous women. Towards this end, no
provision in this Act shall be interpreted so as to result in the diminution of rights and privileges already
recognized and accorded to women under existing laws of general application.
SECTION 22. Rights During Armed Conflict. — ICCs/IPs have the right to special protection and
security in periods of armed conflict. The State shall observe international standards, in particular, the Fourth
Geneva Convention of 1949, for the protection of civilian populations in circumstances of emergency and
armed conflict, and shall not recruit members of the ICCs/IPs against their will into the armed forces, and in
particular, for use against other ICCs/IPs; nor recruit children of ICCs/IPs into the armed forces under any
circumstance; nor force indigenous individuals to abandon their lands, territories and means of subsistence,
or relocate them in special centers for military purposes under any discriminatory condition.
SECTION 23. Freedom from Discrimination and Right to Equal Opportunity and Treatment. — It shall
be the right of the ICCs/IPs to be free from any form of discrimination, with respect to recruitment and
conditions of employment, such that they may enjoy equal opportunities for admission to employment,
medical and social assistance, safety as well as other occupationallyrelated benefits, informed of their rights
under existing labor legislation and of means available to them for redress, not subject to any coercive
recruitment systems, including bonded labor and other forms of debt servitude; and equal treatment in
employment for men and women, including the protection from sexual harassment.
Towards this end, the State shall, within the framework of national laws and regulations, and in cooperation
with the ICCs/IPs concerned, adopt special measures to ensure the effective protection with regard to the