The OHCHR has recognized that the negative impacts of climate change “will disproportionately affect individuals, groups and peoples in vulnerable situations, including women, children, older persons, indigenous peoples, minorities, migrants, rural workers, persons with disabilities, the poor, and those living in vulnerable areas (e.g., small islands, riparian and low-lying coastal zones, arid regions, and the poles).” 115 The IPCC has similarly found that “people who are socially, economically, politically, institutionally or otherwise marginalized are especially vulnerable to climate change.”116 The vulnerability of these groups is a product of both heightened exposure to climate change impacts as well as limited capacity to adapt to those impacts. In the Philippines, farmers and fishermen – some of the poorest groups (with poverty incidences of 45% and 50% respectively) – are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their high dependence on natural resources that are affected by climate change and their lack of resources to adapt (e.g., by finding new livelihoods). 117 These groups have already been disproportionately affected by disasters such as Typhoon Haiyan, 118 as well as more gradual changes brought about by climate change (e.g., reductions in precipitation and rising ocean temperatures).119 People living in informal urban settlements are also among the most vulnerable to climate change, due both to the direct impacts of climate change and the additional pressure placed on urban systems and livelihoods.120 As the world gets warmer, it will become increasingly difficult for the government of the Philippines to fulfill its human rights obligations with respect to these people. Children and future generations will also be disproportionately affected by climate change as harmful impacts become more severe overtime.121 In June 2017, the UN Human Rights Council observed that “children […] are among the groups most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, which may seriously affect their enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, access to education, adequate food, adequate housing, safe drinking water and sanitation.”122 The IPCC has also recognized that age is a differentiating 115 U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER, THE RIGHTS OF THOSE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE, 1 (2016). 116 IPCC WGII, supra note 75, at 6. 117 GETTING A GRIP ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES, supra note 81, at 13. 118 See Food and Agric. Org. of the United Nations, Severe Damage to Agriculture and Fisheries After Haiyan, Nov. 12, 2013, http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/204327/icode/; OXFAM & NFR, REBUILDING FISHING COMMUNITIES AND FISHERIES: POST-HAIYAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES (Feb. 12, 2014). 119 See Dennis Jay Santos, El Niño hits Philippines Farmers with Drought, Rats, IRIN (Feb. 19, 2016); GREENPEACE, PHILIPPINES SEAS IN CRISIS: IMMINENT THREATS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE, POLLUTION AND OVERFISHING (Oct. 25, 2012); Pierre Fidenci, Colossal Coral Bleaching Kills up to 95% of Corals in the Philippines, MONAGABAY, Sept. 23, 2010. 120 Id. 121 See generally United Nations General Assembly, Analytical study on the relationship between climate change and the full and effective enjoyment of the rights of the child, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/35/13 (May 4, 2017). See also CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW and GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, STATES’ OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE (Jan. 2018), http://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HRTBs-synthesis-report-CRC.pdf (providing a recent summary of authoritative statements). 122 U.N. General Assembly, Human Rights Council Res. 35/20, Human rights and climate change, ¶ 15 (June 19, 2017). 28