fuel industry, and implement comprehensive climate recovery policies to rapidly reduce GHG emissions in line with the scientific prescription for climate recovery. 195 These actions to reduce emissions on the prescribed trajectory must be coupled with programs to “drawdown” an additional 100 gigatons of carbon (GtC) through natural sequestration, such as reforestation and improved agricultural and forestry practices. 196 The Philippines has “great potential” for natural carbon sequestration projects, “primarily due to its biophysical condition and the presence of land areas that could and should be reforested,” 197 and well-designed carbon sequestration projects will provide significant co-benefits to the Filipino people.198 The < 350 ppm scientific target cannot be accomplished without this significant drawdown of atmospheric carbon, which is distinct from reducing emissions. It is vital that any such projects safeguard ecosystems and respect, protect, and promote human rights. The emissions reductions and natural sequestration required to achieve the < 350 ppm target, and their associated costs, are contingent on how much longer current emissions, temperature, and climate forcing trends continue. 199 To illustrate: had global emission reductions commenced in 2005, emissions reductions of only 3.5% per year would have been required, alongside 100 GtC natural sequestration, to achieve the < 350 ppm target. Similarly, if emissions reductions had commenced in 2013, 6% annual reductions alongside 100 GtC natural sequestration would have been required. 200 Consequently, any delay in emissions reductions will inevitably burden future generations with a combination of increased emissions reductions, increased and prohibitively-expensive sequestration, and runaway climate change impacts. 201 There is therefore only a small window of opportunity for States and Carbon Majors to take the urgent science-based action needed to protect human rights, mitigate catastrophic climate change, avoid surpassing critical climate tipping points, and prevent effectively irreversible, survival-threatening changes to current and future generations of Filipinos.202 It is essential that the Commission declare this scientific standard underpinning the obligations of Carbon Majors identified by the Petition to fulfill their human rights obligations and to remedy the human rights violations suffered by Petitioners, 195 See Our Children’s Trust brief, Exhibit A (Hansen Declaration), at ¶¶ 97-98; Our Children’s Trust brief, Exhibit B, at pgs. 6-7. For an outline of an approach for States to take to successfully reduce emissions, see Mark Jacobson et al., 100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for 139 Countries of the World. 1 JOULE 108 (2017); Mark Jacobson et al., Matching demand with supply at low cost in 139 countries among 20 world regions with 100% intermittent wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) for all purposes, 123 RENEWABLE ENERGY 236 (2018). 196 Assessing “Dangerous Climate Change,” supra note 149, at 10; Our Children’s Trust brief, at p. 3, n. 17. 197 RODEL D. LASCO ET AL., POTENTIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROJECTS IN THE PHILIPPINES, 131 (2005), http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/PP05318.pdf. 198 Depending on the type of carbon sequestration project pursued, these benefits could include 1) flood control and/or soil stability; 2) improved ecosystem services; 3) enhanced food production; and 4) local economic benefits from ecotourism and other activities promoted by restored landscapes. Our Children’s Trust brief, at p. 9, n. 45; Hansen brief, at p. 4; Assessing “Dangerous Climate Change,” supra note 149, at 10; James Hansen et al., Young People’s Burden: Requirement of Negative CO2 Emissions. 8 EARTH SYST. DYNAM. 577, 590 (2017) [hereinafter Young People’s Burden]. 199 Hansen brief, at pgs. 5-6; Our Children’s Trust brief, Exhibit A (Hansen Declaration), at ¶70. 200 Id. at p. 3. 201 Young People’s Burden, supra note 198, at 595-96; Hansen brief, at p. 6. 202 Our Children’s Trust brief, at p. 4, n. 19. 41