incidence and outbreaks of pests and diseases, 97 increases in extreme weather events and flooding,98 and declines in fishery productivity. 99 V. Right to Adequate Housing The UDHR and the ICESCR recognize that all persons have a right to adequate housing, as part of the right to an adequate standard of living. 100 OHCHR has noted that the right to adequate housing entails the right to be free from arbitrary interference with one’s home, privacy and family, and the right to choose one’s residence, to determine where to live, and to have freedom of movement.101 Sea level rise, extreme weather events, and other climate-related harms will arbitrarily deprive many individuals of their homes.102 Without adaptation, the IPCC projects with high confidence that “hundreds of millions of people will be affected by coastal flooding and will be displaced due to land loss by year 2100.” 103 Drought and desertification could lead to the displacement of millions more. Many people may also migrate due to adverse impacts on their livelihoods associated with declining agricultural yields, the destruction of ecosystem services, and resource shortages caused by climate change. In the Philippines, more severe storms and flooding events linked to climate change have already displaced millions of people from their homes. Typhoon Haiyan alone displaced more than four million people and damaged or destroyed more than one million homes. 104 Displacement due to sea level rise is another major concern in the Philippines, due to the rapid increase in sea levels (which is five times the global average from 1992-2014) and the number of people who live on the coast.105 Decreased agricultural yields and inadequate job opportunities in the agricultural sector may also result in migration from rural to urban areas in the Philippines, putting additional pressure on already depressed urban areas and mega cities. 106 VI. Right to Self-Determination and Development The ICESCR and ICCPR recognize that “[a]ll peoples have the right to selfdetermination” and “[b]y virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.”107 The UN General Assembly affirmed this principle when it adopted the 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development, which stated that the “right to development is an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human 97 Id. PAGASA, supra note 78, at 50. 99 Id. 100 UDHR, supra note 65, Art. 25; ICESCR, supra note 72, Art. 11(1). 101 U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER, THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING, FACT SHEET NO. 21/Rev.1, 3 (2009). 102 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM), MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE: ASSESSING THE EVIDENCE (2009). 103 IPCC WGII, supra note 75, at 364. 104 ANGELA SHERWOOD ET AL., RESOLVING POST-DISASTER DISPLACEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE PHILIPPINES AFTER TYPHOON HAIYAN, 1 (2014), https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Resolving-PostDisasterDisplacementInsights-from-the-Philippines-after-Typhoon-Haiyan-June-2015.pdf. 105 Henrike Brecht et al., Sea-level rise and storm surges: High stakes for a small number of developing countries, 21(1) J. OF ENV’T DEV. 120 (2012). 106 PAGASA, supra note 78, at 50. 107 ICESCR, supra note 72, Art. 1(1); ICCPR, supra note 65, Art. 1(1). 98 26