5/19/2021
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compensable, the injury or illness (1) must be work-related and (2) must
have arisen during the term of the employment contract.
xxxx
Furthermore, [Salenga] was also able to show that his illness[es] existed
during the term of his employment. There is sufficient basis to conclude that
his illness[es] x x x developed while he was onboard, considering the
conditions of his workplace and the strain he experienced while attending to
his duties on the vessel. The NLRC based its conclusion on the medical
findings of Dra. Bandong-Reyes and Dr. L[l]auderes. These findings were
contained in physicians' certifications which also state that [Salenga] is
permanently unfit for further sea duties in any capacity. Clearly, the labor
tribunals' ruling was not capricious or whimsical so as to constitute grave
abuse of discretion, the conclusions being based on substantial evidence.
There was also no grave abuse of discretion on the part of the NLRC when it
decided to give no evidentiary weight to the clearance and quitclaim that
[Salenga] allegedly signed. These forms are pre-drafted and prepared by the
company as pro forma waivers. These waivers are generally looked upon
with disfavor and are largely ineffective to bar claims based on a worker's
legal rights. Unless it can be established that the person executing the
waiver voluntarily did so, with full understanding of its contents, and with
reasonable and credible consideration, the same is not a valid and binding
undertaking. Moreover, the burden to prove that the waiver or quitclaim was
voluntarily executed is with the employer.[30]
The CA's ruling is erroneous.
The CA concluded that Salenga's illnesses existed during the term of the contract on
the basis of the medical findings of Dr. Bandong-Reyes and Dr. Llauderes. Their medical
findings state:
This is to certify that, Mr. Edgardo Lacson Salenga x x x was seen and
examined in this clinic from December 10, 2015 up to present, with the
following findings and/or diagnosis:
Cardiovascular Disease
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Patient is permanently unfit for further sea duties in any capacity and
entitled under POEA Disability Grade 1 for severe residuals of impairment of
intra-abdominal organs which requires regular aid and attendance that will
[en]able worker to seek any gainful employment.
Such injury/illness[es] are work related since exposed to toxic and
hazardous materials.[31]
https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocsfriendly/1/66256
5/17