72
These principles must be similarly applied and operationalized when addressing climate
change. Thus, States have the procedural obligation to:
1. Provide the public with accessible, affordable, and understandable
information regarding the causes and consequences of the global
climate crisis, including incorporating climate change into the
educational curriculum at all levels;
2. Ensure an inclusive, equitable, and gender-based approach to public
participation in all climate-related actions, with a particular emphasis
on empowering the most affected populations, namely women,
children, young people, indigenous peoples and local communities,
persons living in poverty, persons with disabilities, older persons,
migrants, displaced people, and other potentially at-risk communities;
3. Enable affordable and timely access to justice and effective remedies
for all, to hold States and businesses accountable for fulfilling their
climate change obligations;
4. Assess the potential climate change and human rights impacts of
all plans, policies, and proposals, including both upstream and
downstream effects (i.e., both production- and consumption-related
emissions);
5. Integrate gender equality into all climate actions, enabling women to
play leadership roles;
6. Respect the rights of indigenous peoples in all climate actions,
particularly their right to free, prior, and informed consent; and
7. Provide strong protection for environmental and human rights
defenders working on climate-related issues, from land use to fossil
fuels. States must vigilantly protect defenders from harassment,
intimidation, and violence.358
Moreover, States have the substantive obligation to:
1. Abstain from all actions that infringe on a person’s basic human rights
as a result of their environmental consequences;
2. Establish climate change mitigation programs and implement
punitive laws against environmental harm to protect basic human
358
Safe Climate Report, supra note 327, at 30.
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