52 new roles in society, often entailing higher workloads, occupational hazards indoors and outdoors, psychological and emotional distress, and mortality in climate-related disasters.”248 Women, particularly pregnant women, older women, and girls, are left more defenseless during different phases of natural disasters. In fact, mortality due to disasters, including droughts, floods and storms, is higher among women than men.249 Climate change impacts Filipino women in several significant areas including agriculture production, climate-induced migration, and post-disaster gender-based violence. The Philippine Commission on Women lists gender-based discrimination aggravated by climate change as follows: “insecure land and tenure rights; lack of access to and control of economic and natural resources; limited opportunities to participate in environmental decision-making; lack of access to markets, capital, training and technologies; multiple burden of women being the primary caregivers of affected family members, additional income earners, and community workers; exposure to contracting diseases due to limited reproductive health services and facilities and unhygienic water and lack of private spaces for personal hygiene needs; and gender-based violence risks in the form of physical abuse, rape and sexual harassment in evacuation centers and sexual exploitation in the form of sex trafficking and post-disaster prostitution.”250 Over the last two decades, 15 times as many infants have died in the 24 months after typhoons than in the typhoons themselves. Of those infants, 80 percent were girls.251 Climate impacts on women from rural areas are even more severe because (a) women have fewer assets to fall back on in case of crop failure due to extreme weather events; (b) women are tasked with managing household expenses and often fall into chronic indebtedness to bridge resource gaps; and (c) women prioritize the food needs of male household members and children during food shortages.252 248 IPCC, AR5 WGII, supra note 159. 249 Id. 250 Philippine Commission on Women, Environment Sector, available at https://pcw.gov.ph/ environment/. 251 World Meteorological Organization, Statement of the State of the Global Climate 2017 (2018), at 31. 252 Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines, Inputs to the Questionnaire in Relation to the Human Rights Council Resolution A/HRC/RES/38/4 on Human Rights and Climate Change (2018), available at https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/GenderResponsive/ HRC_Philippines.pdf (citing Athena Peralta, Gender and Climate Change Finance: A Case Study from the Philippines, available at https://us.boell.org/2008/11/01/gender-and-climate-change-