37 Climate change also impacts the mental health of individuals and communities. It has been reported that “people who experienced the loss of homes or loved ones or were exposed to life-threatening situations faced higher risks of developing stress and anxiety-related conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder or depression.”166 Finally, climate change also causes the collapse of all determinants of health “such as food and nutrition, housing, access to safe and potable water and adequate sanitation, safe and healthy working conditions, and a healthy environment.”167 In the Philippines, Article II, Section 15 of the Constitution protects and promotes the right to health of its people. Yet, climate change has and continues to impinge on the Filipinos’ right to health. Filipinos suffer from illnesses resulting from severe temperature increase, extreme weather conditions, air pollution, food and water shortage, and population displacement. Water and food-borne diseases and vectorborne and rodent-borne diseases have also increased.168 Heavy rainfall during the wet season,169 combined with the shortened incubation period of viruses due to elevated ambient air temperatures during droughts,170 has multiplied the incidence of dengue in the Philippines. In August 2019, the Philippine Department of Health declared a national dengue epidemic owing to the 98 percent increase in cases from January to July 2019.171 There was also an emergence of Chikungunya, a vector-borne disease which may cause debilitating symptoms for up to around three months, in the southern Philippines just months after Typhoon Haiyan (local: Yolanda). Dr. Jonathan Moses Jadloc, National Chair of the Climate Change Committee of the Philippine College of 166 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Outcome of the Panel Discussion on the Adverse Impact of Climate Change on States’ Efforts to Progressively Realize the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health and Related Policies, Lessons Learned and Good Practices: Summary Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/32/24 (2016). 167 Id. 169 Precipitation value and incidence of dengue have been trending together positively (citing Asian Development Bank, Accounting for Health Impacts of Climate Change, Figure 3 [Monthly Rainfall and Number of Cases of Dengue Fever in the Philippines, 2009-2008] (2011), at 5). 168 170 171 Exhibit JJ to JJ-8, Printed PowerPoint Presentation of Dr. Molina. Victorio B. Molina, PhD, an Associate Professor at the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health at the University of the Philippines-Manila. Assaf Anyamba, Jean-Paul Chretien, Jennifer Small, Compton J Tucker & Kenneth J Linthicum, Developing Global Climate Anomalies Suggest Potential Disease Risks for 2006–2007, 5:60 Int. J. Health Geogr., doi:10.1186/1476-072X-5-60 (2006). Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Foundation, Inc. & Climate Change Commission, 2017 Philippine Climate Change Assessment: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation (2017), available at https://climate.gov.ph/files/PhilCCA-WG2.pdf (last accessed Nov. 20, 2019) [hereinafter PhilCCA WG2].