318 ELECTRIC VEHICLES since members of the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution were present at its first public unveiling-a possible ignificant advance in nitrogen oxide control was announced by Atlantic Richfield last month. This is now undergoing further evaluation in Detroit. Our purpose in citing these new advances is to point out that further control of air pollution from today's car is possible-and, indeed, is already well underway. At the same time, it must be understood that each new proposal must be subjected to considerable testing by the automobile manufacturers before it can be incorporated in production model cars. Some of the factors that must be evaluated are ease of maintenance, reliability, relative cost, efficiency, and compatibility with other engine components. An automotive engineer, I'm sure, could cite many other equally important considerations. In addition to the research on emission controls being conducted by individual automotive and petroleum companies, the American Petroleum Institute's Committee for Air and Water Conservation administers a broad program of sponsored research on pollution matters, including automotive emissions. The API program alone is funded at $2 million annually. It includes a number of projects on various aspects of the problem-including the effects of fuel variables on automotive emissions. One such project, being conducted over a 3-year period at a cost of $480,000, is underway at the Bartlesville, Okla., laboratories of the Bureau of Mines. Incidentally, Mr. Chairman, this is the project to which the Secretary and Dr. Hibbard referred during the course of their testimony. Some 25 passenger cars are being tested. All sources of vehicle emissions are being measured in terms of total quantity, composition, and smog-forming potential, using the very best available scientific methods and equipment. In addition to such technical research, API also sponsors a number of medical projects aimed at determining whether-and at what levels-there are any detectable health effects associated with longterm, low-dosage exposure to air pollutants. One of these projects, the most ambitious study of its type yet undertaken, is a 3-year, $1.5 million investigation of the effects of pollutants in combination, including various automobile exhaust components. In this project, being conducted for us by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., animals are being exposed to pollutants, in different combinations, for 20 to 22 hours per day, every day, for up to 2 years. The U.S. Public Health Service has expressed its approval of the design of this study, and we plan to be in touch with Public Health Service on this work as it progresses. We believe that this work is a demonstration of our full support for the efforts of Congress to achieve cleaner air. In moving ahead to reduce air pollution from all sources, including automotive emissions, we urge that Government adhere to two principles: First, that interested Government agencies maintain a continuing dialog with qualified technicians from the general public and from industry to assure that our goals, including those for automotive emissions, are established at realistic levels and are technologically attainable, and Second, that sufficient leadtime be provided to comply with any targets that are set in the effort to achieve desirable air quality levels.