States’ capacity to provide social security services in accordance with international standards. For example, Angola’s 2013 severe drought (and the government’s difficulty in responding to it) left approximately 1.8 million people without access to clean water.176 The additional stress caused by climate change also stands to directly affect social groups that are already in positions of vulnerability, including women, children, the elderly, the chronically ill, Indigenous peoples, and other minorities. As a result, existing social security systems must be “climate-proofed” to take into account the effects of climate change and its differentiated impact on particular groups. Climate proofing social security would require an individual analysis for each subject area covered to determine the possible direct effects of climate change. 5.2.2. Understanding the Right to Social Security in the Content of Climate Change Mitigation Policies Relatively little research or analysis has been undertaken to examine in-depth the effects of climate change mitigation actions on the right to social security. The links between climate change and its effects on social security therefore require further study. Nevertheless, climate change mitigation activities do have the potential to impact this right – for example, as States transition to greener, low-carbon economies. CASE STUDY: Transitioning to a Low-Carbon Economy, Flexicurity, and the Case of Germany The transition to a low carbon economy has the potential to bring with it a new wave of green jobs. However, these jobs will require workers to adapt to new technologies and develop new skill sets. In this respect, as jobs in emission-heavy sectors are phased out and the shift to creating green jobs via government policy to mitigate climate change is intensified, there is a potential for “losers,” or individuals whose jobs do not transition into the low carbon-economy. Thus, “flexicurity,” or work-related security, stands to be affected by the transition to a low-carbon economy and should be developed to take these potential effects into account. Before analyzing the case of Germany, it is pertinent to outline the concept of flexicurity with respect to the transition to a low-carbon economy. Flexicurity combines an appropriate social insurance model, sufficiently flexible work contracts, and effective policies to support labour market transitions and lifelong learning.177 In relation to the transition to a low-carbon economy, various International Labour Organization (ILO) instruments detail the content of the right to social security during transition.178 These instruments require States to take specific work-related security measures, with specific regard to preventing unemployment and underemployment resulting from the structural change. Germany is a world leader in this respect. For the period of 2006-2010, Germany analyzed its expected green job growth in various sectors such as geothermal energy, solar energy, and biomass industries,179 enabling the country to estimate where jobs would be created. Germany has also institutionalized a dialog between unions, employers, environmental groups and government through the Alliance for Work and the Environment to ensure a just 44