CEDAW/C/PHI/5-6 revealed that hazardous occupational health settings have negative effects on menstrual, ovulatory and hormonal patterns, with consequences for fertility of couples and fecundity of women; pregnancy outcomes, such as increased risk of fetal loss, pre-maturity, low birth weight, congenital defects and disease in the offspring; and infection-related infertility and infant mortality aggravated by exposure to chemical and physical pollutants. Other studies are discussed in Article 11. b. In 1995, the University of the Philippines Center for Women’s Studies (UCWS) undertook a three-year women’s health research consortium, in partnership with two other academic research centers and six women NGOs. Funded by the UNFPA, the project provided information and methodology to understand and address women’s concerns. The research focused on women’s perception of reproductive rights, user’s perspectives on fertility regulating technologies (FRT), and link between violence against women and women’s health problems. Findings revealed that despite the unwillingness of women to exercise their rights in the reproductive process, a conception of reproductive rights dominates women’s thinking about their sexuality and roles in society. The studies also noted that awareness of FRT is high but a free and informed choice is not a reality for women due to inadequate information, lack of services and gender domination. Women had limited power to refuse sexual relations, as they were aware that violence was a likely result of such negotiations (UCWS 2001). The studies concluded that active participation of men in fertility regulation should be promoted and biomedical research expanded into men-friendly FRT. c. The Ford Foundation sponsored several research and publications on women’s reproductive health and rights coordinated by the UCWS. One study examined the construction of gender and reproductive roles across two generations in a rural community. It stressed the need to formulate sexuality and contraceptive education programs in the context of gender identities and roles, with masculine and feminine roles redefined so that marital and family relations will be characterized not only by sanctity, harmony and respect, but also by equity and equality between women and men across generations. Three studies explored gender relations and reproductive health topics in the Visayas: one on marital separation, another on traditional fertility control practices of indigenous peoples of Panay Island, and a third on date rape and sexual aggression in dating situations. Some NGO efforts on women’s and girls’ health 472. Since 1994, Childhope Asia Philippines has conducted, as part of its street education project for street children, health education sessions on primary health care, HIV/AIDS, STD, common illnesses, and adolescent sexuality and reproductive health. Between 1994 and 1998, the health education sessions reached 3,907 children, while its primary health services benefited 5,808 children. From the last quarter of 1998 to 1999, Childhope began to disaggregate data by sex. It counted 485 street girls who benefited from medical and health services, and 198 street girls who attended sessions on personal hygiene, STD and HIV prevention, and sex education. 473. In 1995-1996, Lunduyan (formerly Children’s Laboratory Foundation) waged an educationadvocacy campaign in six barangays in Quezon City. It sponsored six poster and slogan 128