CEDAW/C/PHI/5-6
are able to land jobs for which they are trained. In one instance, only 6 percent of the women
who participated in a project to train women in non-traditional trades that was launched in the
early 1990s landed a wage job or plied their trade (NMYC 1994, cited in Illo 2002b). The low
employment rate was attributed to the absence of a market study before the project to ascertain
demand of women trained in nontraditional skills, and to a focus on basic industrial skills
instead of channeling them further to advanced or upgraded skills.
323. There is a need to expand the review of curricula, schoolbooks and instructional materials up to
the tertiary level in both private and public schools to eliminate stereotypes and include gendersensitive ideas such as joint parenting, reproductive rights and non-violent forms of handling
conflict, among others. At the same time, teachers and school administrators in all levels need
further training for a more gender sensitive approach to education.
Article 11
Employment
Elimination of discrimination in all aspects of employment; appreciation of marriage and
maternity concerns; continuous review of protective legislation
A. WOMEN’S SITUATION
324. The Philippines has been a signatory of various International Labor Organization (ILO)
Conventions, including those that pertain to eliminating gender-based biases in the workplace.
In view of this, the Philippine government has put in place a number of measures that sought to
protect women workers and to eliminate discriminatory practices in the workplace. The
Revised Labor Code provides the following: night-work prohibition, provision of facilities for
women, maternity leave benefits, and provision of family planning services. Labor legislation
also exists that prohibit discrimination against any woman employee with respect to terms and
conditions of employment (compensation, training and promotion) solely on account of sex,
and requirement as a condition of employment or continuation of employment that a woman
employee not get married, or discharge of women employees on account of her pregnancy. In
1995, the Philippine Congress likewise passed Republic Act 7877, also known as the AntiSexual Harassment Act of 1995.
325. In the last decade, Filipino women have become increasingly as active as men in providing for
the economic needs of their families. They are in all kinds of employment and, formal or
informal work settings, in public and private offices, factories, on the streets, or in homes here
or abroad as domestic workers, health workers and performing artists. There are, however,
problems and risks faced by women in economic zones, domestic service, the informal sector,
as overseas workers, civil servants and even as working girl children.
Participation in the labor force
326. As in previous years, the labor force participation rate (LFPR) of women in the Philippines has
been rising, with a dip noted in 2000 (Annex Table B11.1). The female LFPR for 2001 and
2002 are the highest so far (52.8 percent and 51.7 percent, respectively; NSO 2003c). The
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