of conversion through the filing of an Opposition/Objection dated on 8 March 2010 with the Center for Land Use Policy, Planning and Implementation (CLUPPI). on the Decision of the Court of Appeals was likewise filed before the Supreme Court (SC) but was again denied by the SC in its resolution dated 25 March 2015. With the assistance of Balay Alternative Legal Advocates for Development in Mindanaw, Inc. (BALAOD Mindanaw), PAMA filed an urgent Motion to Enforce the Cease and Desist Order before the Office of then DAR Secretary Virgillo De Los Reyes on 19 July 2010, enjoining Jukens Builders and Trade to stop developing the subject landholdings. Thus, the issue on tenancy was finally resolved – the PAMA shall not be considered as de jure tenants in the subject landholdings. Despite this, the PAMA persisted to claim its members’ rights over their land under the CARP as they applied as agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs) for the land with the assistance of the DAR office in Cagayan de Oro City. After almost two years, DAR issued an NOC covering the subject landholdings on 15 December 2012. In retaliation, Juken Builders and Trade hired security guards on 23 June 2011 to defend its landholding developments. These guards were instructed to harass the PAMA and their families. These incidents prompted the farmers through DAR Provincial Office, to request for assistance from the PNP-Cagayan de Oro City. On 27 April 2012, the residence of Alejandro Responte, the leader of the PAMA, was showered with bullets by unidentified men. Fortunately, no one was hurt. On 9 November 2017, in a dialogue between DAR and the PAMA, the DAR Central Office committed to facilitate the resolution of the cases of the PAMA lodged with the DAR. On 17 November 2017, the DAR certified the particular case of the PAMA ADM case no. A01’02-X0222-1039 or “Protest for CARP Coverage and Application for Land Use Conversion Order, entitled Celestino G. Navarro et. al./Jukens Builders and Trade represented by Joselito Talaid VS PAMA represented by Mr. Alejandro Responte et. al” as a flashpoint case deserving speedy resolution due to the threat to life and limb against of the PAMA. On 13 September 2012, the DAR Adjudication Board (DARAB) promulgated the Decision in DARAB Case No. 16067, (Reg. Case No. X (06) 2041) that the PAMA shall not be considered as de jure tenants in the subject landholdings. A Motion for Reconsideration was filed but subsequently denied. Thereafter, the Decision was raised to the Court of Appeals through a Petition for Review on the Decision of the DARAB dated 15 December 2014. A Petition for Review Currently, the PAMA occupies only four of the 18 hectares of their claimed land. They continue to sustain their alliances with BALAOD Mindanaw, the Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro, the City Peace and Order Council, and the DAR Provincial and City Offices. They are being supported by the ANGOC and the People’s Campaign for Agrarian Reform Network, Inc. (AR Now!) in the national level. n Source: Balay Alternative Legal Advocates for Development in Mindanaw, Inc. (2017). Continued struggle of farmers towards justice and land tenure security: A case brief of Pagatpat Farmers Association VS Jukens Builders and Trade. Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. [Unpublished case brief for the Joint Action for Land Rights]. THE UNGPs AND LAND GOVERNANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES Introduction of UNGPs in the Philippines On 25 March 2014, key stakeholders from business, civil society, and government came together in a forum titled “Business and Human Rights: Introducing the UN Guiding Principles of the Ruggie Framework as a Tool for Risk Management.” The main objective was to introduce the UNGPs and how these can be implemented and realized in practical terms. Participants from the business sector expressed their willingness to implement and incorporate UNGPs in their business policies and practices and even agreed to look at the principle of 4 extra-territoriality. More dialogues and consultations were planned towards finding a common ground on some issues, such as, the negative effects of mining or illegal logging. During this event, the German Hanns Seidel Foundation (HSF) expressed its support for the development of a Philippine National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights (HSF, 2014). The Forum was followed by a resolution of the European Parliament to the Philippines on 8 June 2016 to ensure effective implementation of all core international conventions relating to human and labor rights. The resolution called for continuing progress in the promotion of human rights – including the