RECOMMENDATIONS:  It is recommended that the DepEd and CHED develop and provide resources for the implementation of a monitoring tool with SOGIE-disaggregated data to determine the prevalence of SOGIE-related violence and discrimination in school.  The DepEd and CHED should exert due diligence to prevent, investigate and prosecute violence and discrimination against LBT students in schools.  The DepEd’s curriculum on sexuality education as required under the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Law or Republic Act 10354) should cover the rights of persons with non-conforming sexual orientation and gender identity.  The CHED should issue a directive addressing prejudiced treatment of LBT students and school employees especially with regard to punitive policies for wearing gender specific uniforms and access to toilet and common facilities.  The DepEd should provide space for participation and consultation of LBT persons and other stakeholders in the development of these policies; 2d. Discrimination in Employment (Article 11) Two of three transwomen who participated in one study by a Filipino clinical psychologist on the experiences of transwomen in the Philippines, disclosed that the worst discrimination they have experienced is being denied the right to express their gender identities in the workplace. Transwomen were told by job recruitment officers that they would only be hired if they presented themselves as males by cutting their hair short, dressed in men’s clothes, and acting in less stereotypically feminine ways.29 There have also been reports of discrimination of lesbians applying for jobs who were expressly turned away for not being heterosexual.30 In 2009, the Armed Forces of the Philippines issued a statement saying that it would allow lesbians and gay men to serve in the military provided that they adhere to the Code of Ethics that includes policies against the expression of LGBT identities among military personnel. Members of the military who are openly gay or lesbian, or who cross-dress, can be dishonorably discharged.31 29 Alegre, B. R. (2006). Psychological perspectives and development of the transsexual woman: Phenomenological case study on Filipino male-to-female transsexuals. 30 GALANG Philippines, “How Filipino LBTs Cope with Economic Disadvantage” (2015), page 8, available at http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/5873/ER120_HowFilipinoLBTsCopewithEconomicDi sadvantage.pdf;jsessionid=6FA4A06FB966B2BBAC195F1DB51CE97C?sequence=1 31 Under the section on discipline, "An individual may be discharged by reason of unsuitability, not due to misconduct, when it has been determined that he is unsuitable for further military service because of homosexual tendencies, desires or interests accompanied by overt homosexual acts. A homosexual is an individual who demonstrates, by behavior, a 10

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