and promote. It is also relevant to reflect on women’s ideas of justice and her participation in
defining this: not all women see pursuing a legal case against their partners as the solution; many
women just want the violence to stop.
This may also explain why community-based processes such as mediation at the barangay or by
the community elders, which are discouraged for GBV cases under the law, are still accessed by
women. Practices of barangay mediation in a general sense are still present in all research areas.
In Zamboanga City and Koronadal City, indigenous and Muslim women can also opt to bring
the GBV complaint to the council of elders. Particularly in cases involving Muslim women,
community peace also weighs in the discussion of what is just in VAWC.
2. GBV documentation is initiated when the women engages the formal systems of redress or
access services needed. This highlights another function of documentation: not only does it
records the experience of GBV but prior to this, it also officializes the women’s entry to the
social service and legal systems. Documentation is integral to the process of service delivery and
is a requrement for accountability. By agreeing to have her experience recorded, the woman is
able to avail of interventions offered by the State, from the issuance of barangay protection
orders, getting material assistance and psychosocial services, to receiving legal aid. Each service
provider has their own intake system and forms, although documentation sharing is not
uncommon especially when a legal case is filed. For instance, the police may ask for a copy of
the barangay complaint as part of the evidence.
This is also notable in the context of GBV statistics which has been described as presenting
only of documented cases. What is excluded in official data is both the unreported cases and the
reported but unrecorded ones. Common among barangay women’s desk officers in the research
areas are stories of women reporting a VAWC but does not want to have her complaint
documented in the barangay VAWC logbook. Also notable, the barangay VAWC desk officers
also do not see their intereaction with these women as official work as well, even if during their
“pag-uusap” or “conversation” she gave information on women’s human rights, the Anti-VAWC
law and options for the women to consider.
Another category of reported but unrecorded cases of GBV are those brought to community
mechanisms for resolution, such as in the case of IP and Muslim women. In the context of
Muslims, since child marriages are acceptable in their culture, a case of child sexual abuse
brought to the barangay may be recorded not as “rape” but child marriage if the perpetrator
proposes marriage and is accepted by the victim-survivor’s family (Zamboanga City).
In emergency or disaster contexts, forms of GBV are uncovered and documented because of
the monitoring of service providers, and not always because the woman had initiated the
complaint. The support by international and national agencies, usually through capacity building
of local service providers, in this regard has been important. Some of the systems, specifically
referral pathways, put in place during the disaster response and recovery period were carried
over in more stable times.
3. State level documentation as published is almost always focused on the “point of entry data” i.e.
number of women who asked for help, and the services given. Information on the process (e.g.
Making Data Work for Women’s Human Rights
A Proposed Framework for the CHR Observatory on Gender-Based Violence
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