CEDAW/C/GC/36 (d) Establish multiple and readily accessible channels that students can use to report such incidents by establishing peer and teacher counselling services, safe locations in schools and hotlines for anonymous reporting; (e) Inform girls of the consequences of engaging in cyberbullying to victims’ health and well-being, as well as the sanctions that may be applied to perpetrators; (f) Enact legislation that defines and penalizes harassment through use of information and communications technologies and the online harassment of women and girls in all its forms. Equitable female participation in management structures 73. The gender regime evident in educational institutions has negative impacts on female staff, in particular staff in systems of secondary and tertiary education. Those impacts are most evident in terms of their limited upward mobility in the profession and their rate of transition to decision-making positions. Although teaching is considered to be a feminized profession, there is a disproportionately low representation of women in senior and top management positions at all levels of education, worldwide. 74. Several factors account for the underrepresentation of women in leadership and decision-making positions at all levels of education. They include limited access to education, especially opportunities for pursuing higher educational certification for those teaching at the lower levels, discriminatory appointment a nd promotion practices, family attitudes, career interruptions, cultural stereotyping, alienation from the male culture of networking and patronage, and continued resistance to including women in management positions. 12 75. The Committee recommends that States parties institute the following measures to close the gender gap in leadership positions at all levels of education to ensure the elimination of the discrimination women face in that regard: (a) Increase the professional mobility of women in institutions of higher learning by providing grants and/or scholarships to enable them to acquire advanced postgraduate degrees and introduce incentives and schemes to retain them; (b) Strengthen efforts to increase the number of women in leadership positions at all levels of education, especially university professors in all fields, through the use of measures, including temporary special measures in accordance with article 4 (1) of the Convention and general recommendation No. 25; (c) Review appointment and promotion procedures and remove any discriminatory provisions, which act as barriers to the equal participation of women in leadership positions in educational institutions, and address discriminatory practices in appointments and promotions; (d) Address prevailing organizational cultures that are unfavourable to the upward mobility of women in the teaching profession; __________________ 12 20/23 See UNESCO document, ED.99/HEP/WCHE/Vol. IV-12, Proceedings of the World Conference on Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century: Vision and Action (Paris 5–9 October 1998, vol. IV. Available from http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=117320&set=005A5 1B380_3_203&gp=1&lin=1&ll=1. 17-19774