historical burden of ENSO induced drought and the corresponding famine due to impacts on agricultural yields in the Philippines. As stated above, El Niño events influence rainfall distribution, possibly resulting in severe droughts in certain regions (Villafuerte et al., 2014a; Lyon et al., 2009; etc.). According to Warren (2013), there has been an increase in the frequency of major food shortage and famine events in the last half of the twentieth century, which could be associated in part with an increase in severe El Niño-related drought events. He argues that this is the most important disaster type in the upland and semi-arid areas of the archipelago (Warren, 2013). Areas he mentioned to be often hit by severe drought in the past are parts of Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao (especially General Santos City). The El Niño in 1998 caused a drought, affecting 90% of area of the Philippines with a reduction in rainfall of 50%. 50,000 ha of agriculture land dried up and two million people were affected in Mindanao, which forced the government to import rice (Warren, 2013). He further stated that due to the strong population increase the impacts of El Niño events could become even worse in the future. The massive loss of agricultural production in the country due to a drought was also analyzed by Yumul et al. (2010) for the 2007 drought. A more recent paper dealing with the relationships between food supply and disaster is Gibb and Veuthey (2011). These relationships can be multiple - for example the floodwater devastated road interrupts food transport, storms prevent fishers from fishing and many others maybe not as obvious examples. On the webpage of PAGASA (2014), Vulnerability Maps for an El Niño event for the crops rice and corn can be found. The maps have been calculated by taking data from recent El Niño drought events and the corresponding effect on the specific area (PAGASA, 2014). Other working groups even publish a quantitative statement. For example, Lansigan et al. (2000) found that typhoons, floods, and droughts caused 82.4% of the total Philippine rice losses from 1970 to 1990. While looking at the socio-economic impacts of Typhoon Harurot (Imbudo), Huigen and Jens (2006) found a relative loss for corn of 64%. Buan et al. (1996) also analyzed the impact of climate change on rice and corn production in the Philippines. We do not refer to the quantitative numbers as the models applied are nearly 20 years old, but they state a crucial point that a decrease in rainfall in some regions by 10% is not as bad because enough water available, but in other region, an increase by 10% could lead to more damage as floods affect the plants strongly. In more spatial detail, Lansigan and Salvacio (2007) analyzed the effect of climate change on yields of rice and corn in selected areas in the Philippines by using 10 different climate change scenarios in three selected provinces, namely: Ilagan, Isabela; Los Baños, Laguna; and Malaybalay, Bukidnon. Besides EWEs and their climate change induced changes in occurrence rates, the agriculture of the country is also influenced by slow-onset changes, e.g. of temperature, precipitation and SLR. Lasco et al. (2011) also stated the impact on yields due to changes in, e.g. mean nighttime temperature or changing rainfall patterns. This effect of declining rice yield with rising night temperatures was already described in general by Peng et al. (2004). Lasco et al. (2011) further mentioned indirect effects on the plants, like fungal diseases or increased pressure form insects (e.g. corn stem borer) due to changing temperature or moisture conditions. 21