Figure 9: Neonatal, Infant, Child, and Under-5 Mortality Rates, 1998-2017 Source: NDHS 1998-2017 Figure 10: Prevalence of Malnourished Children 0-59 months, 2013 and 2015 Infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased from 35 per 1,000 live births in 1998 to 21 per 1,000 live births in 2017. The slow decrease in IMR can be associated with a similarly slow-moving decline in neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in 20 years from 17 in 1998 to 14 per 1,000 live births in 2017. A declining trend is also noted for child and under-5 mortality rates. Meanwhile, the NDHS 2017 reported 7 and 27 per 1,000 live births for child and under-5 mortality rates, respectively, during the five years immediately preceding the survey. As in previous reports, this report utilized nutritional outcomes from the National Nutrition Survey of 2013 and 2015. As shown in Figure 10, prevalence of underweight and stunted children slightly increased from 20 to 22 and 30 to 33 percent, respectively from 2013 to 2015. Source: National Nutrition Survey, 2013 and 2015 Figure 11: Trend in Breastfeeding Indicators, 2014-2019 Meanwhile, a slight decrease was noted in the prevalence of wasting and overweight among children under-five years of age. In terms of breastfeeding, despite the upward trend, breastfeeding indicators remained low in the past five years [Figure 11]. Source: FHSIS, 2014-2019 41 2019 41 2019 Annual Annual Report Report Responsible Responsible Parenthood Parenthood and and Reproductive Reproductive Health Health Act Act of of 2012 2012